WAEC Igbo Areas of Concentration 2027/2028

See the WAEC Igbo Areas of Concentration 2027/2028, including Language, sound system, grammar, literature, current set books, Omenala, Ewumewu and revision tips.

The WAEC Igbo Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 will help you organise your revision around the major Language, Literature and Culture topics contained in the Igbo syllabus.

The examination is built around three broad areas:

• Language
• Literature
• Culture

You should prepare all three areas because they appear in both Paper 1 and Paper 2. The syllabus also requires candidates to answer in Igbo using standard Igbo orthography and appropriate metalanguage.

READ: Access 2027 WAEC Questions and Answers in all Subjects – Free Study Guide

ALSO READ: WAEC Specimens 2027

The major areas you should concentrate on include:

• Comprehension
• Composition and Letter Writing
• Translation
• Igbo Alphabet
• Vowels and Consonants
• Syllabic Nasal
• Syllable Structure
• Vowel Harmony
• Vowel Assimilation
• Vowel Elision
• Consonant Elision
• Tone and Tone Notation
• Spelling Rules
• Word Formation
• Igbo Dialects and Standard Igbo
• Loan Words
• Igbo Metalanguage
• Word Classes
• Tense, Number and Person
• Phrases and Clauses
• Sentence Structure
• Direct and Indirect Speech
• Lexis and Structure
• Punctuation
• Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation
• Oral Literature
• Written Literature
• Prose
• Poetry
• Drama
• Current WAEC Igbo Prescribed Texts
• Omenala
• Ewumewu
• Igbo Customs
• Igbo Institutions

READ ALSO: WAEC Igbo Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download

WAEC Igbo Areas of Concentration at a Glance

The important topics to revise include:

1. Comprehension
2. Composition
3. Letter Writing
4. Translation
5. Igbo Alphabet
6. Igbo Phonemes
7. Vowels
8. Consonants
9. Syllabic Nasal
10. Production of Speech Sounds
11. Classification of Speech Sounds
12. Syllable Structure
13. Vowel Harmony
14. Vowel Assimilation
15. Vowel Elision
16. Consonant Elision
17. Tone
18. Tone Notation
19. Spelling Rules
20. Word Formation
21. Igbo Dialects
22. Standard Igbo
23. Loan Words
24. Igbo Metalanguage
25. Nouns
26. Verbs
27. Pronouns
28. Conjunctions
29. Prepositions
30. Tense
31. Number
32. Person
33. Phrases
34. Clauses
35. Sentence Constituents
36. Types of Sentences
37. Direct Speech
38. Indirect Speech
39. Lexis
40. Structure
41. Punctuation
42. Literary Appreciation
43. Oral Literature
44. Folktales
45. Anecdotes
46. Legends
47. Myths
48. Oral Poetry
49. Songs
50. Proverbs
51. Riddles
52. Chants
53. Oral Drama
54. Tongue Twisters
55. Written Prose
56. Written Poetry
57. Written Drama
58. Themes
59. Plot
60. Setting
61. Characters
62. Characterisation
63. Literary Devices
64. Omenala
65. Njirimara Ndị Igbo
66. Ekele Ndị Igbo
67. Mmemme
68. Nnabata Ọbịa
69. Ọmụmụ Nwa
70. Nkwenye
71. Emume
72. Egwuregwu
73. Nsọala/Arụ
74. Ewumewu Ọchịchị
75. Ewumewu Mmekọrịta Mmadụ na Ibe Ya
76. Echichi
77. Abamaba
78. Ewumewu Akụnaụba
79. Akaọrụ
80. Ewumewu Ofufe
81. Ngwa Ofufe
82. Ihe Ofufe
83. Current Igbo Prose Set Text
84. Current Igbo Drama Set Text
85. Current Igbo Poetry Set Text
86. Current Oral Prose Text
87. Current Oral Poetry Text

These areas follow the Language, Literature and Culture sections of the syllabus.

Igbo Language Areas of Concentration

The Language section deserves serious attention because Paper 1 contains 30 Language questions, while Paper 2 also includes Composition, Sound System and Grammar.

Important Language areas are:

• Comprehension
• Composition
• Letter Writing
• Translation
• Sound System
• Grammar

Igbo Comprehension

Paper 1 contains 10 comprehension questions based on two short passages.

You should practise:

• Reading Igbo passages carefully
• Identifying the main idea
• Identifying supporting details
• Understanding words in context
• Interpreting expressions
• Answering questions based strictly on the passage

Regular Igbo reading will help you improve both speed and understanding.

Composition and Letter Writing

Composition is one of the major areas of Paper 2.

Five topics are set from the essay types listed in the syllabus, and you answer one in approximately 300 words.

Candidates are advised not to spend more than 45 minutes on this part.

The essay types to prepare are:

• Narrative
• Descriptive
• Argumentative
• Expository
• Dialogue
• Debate
• Letter Writing

Narrative Composition

Practise writing a clear story with:

• Beginning
• Development
• Climax
• Conclusion

Pay attention to correct Igbo spelling, sentence structure and paragraphing.

Descriptive Composition

You may be required to describe:

• A Person
• A Place
• An Event
• An Object
• A Situation

Your description should be clear and logically arranged.

Argumentative Composition

Practise presenting points either for or against a position.

A strong argumentative response should contain:

• Introduction
• Relevant Arguments
• Supporting Explanations
• Logical Arrangement
• Conclusion

Expository Composition

Expository writing requires you to explain an idea, process or subject clearly.

Arrange your points logically and use suitable Standard Igbo.

Dialogue

Dialogue writing should sound natural while maintaining correct written Igbo.

Practise:

• Turn Taking
• Appropriate Expressions
• Punctuation
• Logical Conversation

Debate

Know the normal structure of a debate and how to present strong arguments.

Practise suitable:

• Opening
• Salutation
• Arguments
• Supporting Points
• Conclusion

Letter Writing

Prepare the letter-writing formats taught in your course.

Pay attention to:

• Appropriate Format
• Language
• Tone
• Address
• Salutation
• Body
• Conclusion

where applicable.

Igbo Translation

Translation contributes four questions in Paper 1.

When practising translation, concentrate on preserving meaning rather than translating each word mechanically.

Give attention to:

• Meaning
• Context
• Sentence Structure
• Appropriate Vocabulary
• Standard Igbo Expression

Igbo Sound System

The Sound System is a major area in both Paper 1 and Paper 2.

The syllabus specifically covers:

• Igbo Phonemes
• Vowels
• Consonants
• Syllabic Nasal
• Production of Sounds
• Classification of Sounds
• Syllable Structure
• Sound Processes
• Tone
• Tone Notation
• Igbo Alphabet

Igbo Alphabet

Know the Igbo alphabet thoroughly.

You should be able to:

• Identify the letters
• Arrange them correctly
• Recognise Igbo letter combinations
• Use them in correct spelling

Igbo Phonemes

Study the major speech sounds in Igbo.

The syllabus groups these particularly into:

• Vowels
• Consonants
• Syllabic Nasal

For the sounds, you should understand both:

• Production
• Classification

Igbo Vowels

Study:

• Vowel Identification
• Vowel Production
• Vowel Classification
• Vowels in Igbo Words

Vowels are also important when studying vowel harmony, assimilation and elision.

Igbo Consonants

You should know:

• Consonant Sounds
• How They Are Produced
• Their Classification
• Their Occurrence in Words

Syllabic Nasal

The syllabic nasal is specifically listed in the syllabus.

Understand:

• Meaning
• Production
• Classification
• Use in Igbo Words

Syllable Structure

Study how Igbo sounds combine to form syllables.

You should be able to divide words into syllables and recognise the appropriate structure.

Sound Processes

The syllabus specifically lists:

• Vowel Harmony
• Vowel Assimilation
• Vowel Elision
• Consonant Elision

Vowel Harmony

Vowel Harmony should be one of your major Sound System revision areas.

Understand:

• Meaning
• Vowel Groups
• How Harmony Operates
• Examples in Igbo Words

Vowel Assimilation

Study how one vowel may be influenced by another sound.

Practise identifying examples from Igbo words and expressions.

Vowel Elision

Understand situations where a vowel is omitted in speech or when words occur together.

Consonant Elision

Consonant elision is also included in the syllabus.

Know the examples and rules covered in your lessons.

Tone and Tone Notation

Tone is very important in Igbo because a change in tone can affect meaning.

Study:

• Tone
• Tone Levels
• Tone Marking
• Tone Notation
• Tone in Words and Sentences

Practise tone marking regularly.

Igbo Grammar Areas of Concentration

The grammar section contains several major topics:

• Spelling Rules
• Word Formation
• Dialects and Standard Igbo
• Loan Words
• Metalanguage
• Word Classes
• Grammatical Categories
• Phrases
• Clauses
• Sentences
• Lexis and Structure
• Punctuation

Igbo Spelling Rules

Learn the rules governing correct spelling in Standard Igbo.

Regular writing practice is important because spelling is used throughout:

• Composition
• Grammar
• Literature
• Culture

Word Formation

Study the ways words are formed in Igbo.

You should understand the processes and recognise suitable examples.

Igbo Dialects and Standard Igbo

Prepare:

• Meaning of Dialect
• Examples of Igbo Dialects
• Meaning of Standard Igbo
• Differences Between Dialectal and Standard Forms

Standard Igbo deserves particular attention because candidates are required to use standard orthography in the examination.

Loan Words

Study words borrowed from other languages and how they are adapted into Igbo.

Igbo Metalanguage

Igbo metalanguage refers to terminology used when discussing the language itself.

Learn the Igbo terms used in your grammar lessons because the examination instructions and questions may use them.

Word Classes

The syllabus specifically mentions word classes such as:

• Noun
• Verb
• Pronoun
• Conjunction
• Preposition

For each one, study:

Definition → Examples → Functions

Nouns

Know how to:

• Identify Nouns
• Give Examples
• State Their Functions

Verbs

Study verbs carefully because of their importance in Igbo sentence construction.

Pronouns

Know the relevant types and their functions within sentences.

Conjunctions

Study how conjunctions connect:

• Words
• Phrases
• Clauses
• Sentences

Prepositions

Know how prepositions function within the grammatical structure taught in the syllabus.

Grammatical Categories

The syllabus includes:

• Tense
• Number
• Person

Make sure you understand how each category functions in Igbo.

Phrases

Study:

• Types of Phrases
• Functions of Phrases

You should be able to identify them within sentences.

Clauses

Study:

• Types of Clauses
• Functions of Clauses

Know the difference between a phrase and a clause.

Sentences

Important areas include:

• Sentence Constituents
• Types of Sentences

The syllabus also specifically includes sentences containing:

• Direct Speech
• Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech

Know how to identify and change sentences between:

• Direct Speech
• Indirect Speech

within the rules taught in your course.

Lexis and Structure

Develop a strong vocabulary and understand how words are organised correctly in sentences.

Punctuation Marks

Know the punctuation marks used in writing and how to apply them correctly.

This is particularly important in Composition and Letter Writing.

WAEC Igbo Literature Areas of Concentration

Literature is divided into:

• Oral Literature
• Written Literature

Both cover the genres of:

• Prose
• Poetry
• Drama

Paper 1 contains 22 Literature questions, including four questions on Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation.

Basic Principles of Literary Appreciation

Study the basic concepts used when discussing literature.

You should be able to identify and discuss relevant areas such as:

• Plot
• Setting
• Characters
• Characterisation
• Themes
• Style
• Language
• Literary Devices

when analysing the prescribed works.

Oral Literature

The syllabus requires knowledge of:

• Definition of Oral Literature
• Characteristics
• Classification
• Functions
• Literary Devices

Forms of Igbo Oral Literature

The syllabus specifically includes:

• Folktales — Ifo
• Anecdotes — Ụkabụilu
• Legends — Nkọkịrịkọ/Akụkọ Dike
• Myths — Nkọmịrịkọ/Akụkọokike/Mmalite
• Poems — Abụ
• Songs — Uri
• Proverbs — Ilu
• Riddles — Agwụgwa
• Chants — Mbem
• Oral Drama — Ejije Ọnụ
• Tongue Twisters — Okwuntụhi

Folktales Ifo

Study:

• Meaning
• Characteristics
• Structure
• Characters
• Themes
• Lessons
• Functions in Society

Anecdotes Ụkabụilu

Understand their characteristics and functions within Igbo oral tradition.

Legends

Study:

• Meaning
• Characteristics
• Relationship With Historical or Heroic Figures
• Functions

Myths

Understand myths as stories connected with traditional beliefs, origins and explanations of aspects of life or society.

Oral Poems Abụ

Study:

• Themes
• Language
• Performance
• Literary Devices

Pay attention to the prescribed oral poetry text.

Songs Uri

Understand the different occasions and purposes for which songs may be performed.

Proverbs Ilu

Proverbs are an important part of Igbo language and oral literature.

Study:

• Meaning
• Interpretation
• Context
• Functions

Do not memorise a proverb without understanding when it can appropriately be used.

Riddles Agwụgwa

Study their:

• Form
• Function
• Educational Value
• Entertainment Value

Chants Mbem

Understand the nature, purpose and performance of chants.

Oral Drama Ejije Ọnụ

Study:

• Characteristics
• Performance
• Participants
• Differences From Written Drama

Tongue Twisters Okwuntụhi

Know their characteristics and roles in oral language practice.

Written Literature

Written Literature covers:

• Prose
• Poetry
• Drama

Questions in this part are based on the prescribed texts.

For each current text, you should prepare:

• Author
• Plot or Content
• Setting where applicable
• Characters
• Characterisation
• Themes
• Language
• Style
• Literary Devices
• Important Events
• Lessons

Current WAEC Igbo Written Prose

The current prescribed written prose text is:

Jụọ Obinna — Tony Ubesie

You should read the actual book thoroughly.

Prepare:

• Plot
• Major Events
• Characters
• Characterisation
• Themes
• Language
• Style
• Literary Devices

Current WAEC Igbo Written Drama

The prescribed drama is:

Otu Mkpisi Aka — J. C. Maduekwe

Study:

• Plot
• Acts and Major Events
• Characters
• Character Relationships
• Conflict
• Themes
• Dramatic Techniques
• Language
• Lessons

Current WAEC Igbo Written Poetry

The prescribed written poetry text is:

Akụnuche — Inno Uzọma Nwadike

The syllabus specifies 20 selected poems from the book.

Selected Poems From Akụnuche

The selected poems are:

1. Ọchịchị — Pages 18–19
2. Onye Ndu — Pages 22–23
3. Nne Ọma — Pages 29–30
4. Oke Ọchịchọ — Pages 40–41
5. Asịla M Na Ọ Dị Mma — Pages 53–55
6. Ihe Ụwa — Pages 60–61
7. Jiri Nwayọọ — Pages 62–63
8. Eziokwu — Pages 65–66
9. Mma — Pages 67–69
10. Nwaanyị — Pages 92–94
11. Aja Ala — Pages 101–103
12. Ala Igbo — Pages 108–111
13. Ndụ M N’ụwa A — Pages 131–132
14. Ọjị — Pages 150–151
15. Ụwa Emebighị — Pages 151–154
16. Amamihe — Pages 168–169
17. Ndụ Nwaanyị — Pages 178–180
18. Nna M Ọgoenyi — Pages 181–184
19. Ụlọakwụkwọ — Pages 192–193
20. Akwa Nnabụenyi Ugonna Bere — Pages 249–252

Do not assume every poem in the book has equal examination priority. Make sure you study these prescribed selections thoroughly.

How to Study the Selected Written Poems

For each poem, prepare:

• Title
• Subject Matter
• Theme
• Structure
• Tone
• Mood
• Language
• Imagery
• Figures of Speech
• Message or Lesson

Also pay attention to important expressions and how they contribute to the meaning of the poem.

Current WAEC Igbo Oral Prose

The prescribed Oral Literature prose text is:

Mbe Agaba — F. O. F. Onwudufor

Prepare the stories and their:

• Characters
• Events
• Themes
• Moral Lessons
• Oral-Literature Characteristics
• Literary Devices

Current WAEC Igbo Oral Poetry

The prescribed oral poetry text is:

Abụ Agụrụọnụ Ndị Igbo — G. I. Nwaozuzu

The syllabus also specifies 20 selected poems from this book.

Selected Poems From Abụ Agụrụọnụ Ndị Igbo

Study:

1. Ụtụ Chara N’elu — Pages 4–6
2. Otu Ibiri — Pages 8–9
3. Nnabe Akuwaala Akwa Ọkwa — Pages 9–12
4. Onye Kụgburu Nwankelu — Pages 13–15
5. Agbagbuu M Nwannụnụ m – o — Pages 19–23
6. Onye Kọọ Ji — Pages 28–29
7. Anyi Agawa Mba — Pages 33–34
8. Nnabe Agawa Nga Ebuleako — Pages 38–41
9. Ọ Sara Anya — Pages 46–47
10. Mgbe O Suru — Pages 60–61
11. Alụọ M Di Poliis — Pages 87–88
12. A Dị Ndu — Pages 92–93
13. Ndi Biara Ije Unu Were Ekele — Page 95
14. Eluụwa Bu Ọlịli — Pages 98–100
15. Nwa Amaka — Pages 112–113
16. Egwu Orimando — Pages 113–114
17. Ihe Dị Mma — Pages 121–122
18. O Rule, O Rule — Pages 123–124
19. Ma Ọ Bughi Ma Nwa — Pages 126–127
20. Onye Wụ Enyi Ọnwụ? — Pages 141–142

How to Study Oral Poetry

For each selected oral poem, study:

• Occasion of Performance
• Performer
• Audience
• Subject Matter
• Theme
• Language
• Repetition
• Imagery
• Figures of Speech
• Tone
• Function in Society

where applicable to the poem.

WAEC Igbo Culture Areas of Concentration

Culture is divided into two main areas:

• Customs — Omenala
• Institutions — Ewumewu

Paper 1 contains four objective questions from Customs and four from Institutions, while Paper 2 also contains Culture questions.

Omenala Igbo Customs

The syllabus lists the following major areas:

• Njirimara Ndị Igbo
• Ekele Ndị Igbo
• Mmemme
• Nnabata Ọbịa
• Ọmụmụ Nwa
• Nkwenye
• Emume
• Egwuregwu
• Nsọala/Arụ

Njirimara Ndị Igbo

Study areas such as:

• Asụsụ
• Ejiji
• Omenala
• Ekpemekpe
• Agbambọ

and other characteristics of the Igbo people listed in your syllabus and class notes.

Ekele Ndị Igbo

Study greetings used at different times and on different occasions.

Understand:

• Appropriate Greeting
• Person Being Greeted
• Time or Occasion
• Suitable Response

Mmemme

The syllabus gives examples such as:

• Ọjị
• Ịtụ Nzu
• Ịkwọ Aka Ụtụtụ
• Ịgọ Ọfọ

Study:

• Meaning
• Procedure
• Significance

where applicable.

Nnabata Ọbịa

Study Igbo customs concerning hospitality and the reception of visitors.

Understand the cultural importance of:

• Welcoming Visitors
• Respect
• Hospitality
• Appropriate Behaviour

Ọmụmụ Nwa

The syllabus includes practices such as:

• Ile Ọmụgwọ
• Ibi Ugwu
• Ikupụta Nwa
• Ịgụ Aha
• Ịzụ Ahịa Nwa
• Ịhụ Eze

Understand their meanings and cultural significance.

Nkwenye

Traditional beliefs listed include areas such as:

• Ịlọ Ụwa
• Ọgbanje
• Nrọ
• Ihi/Isi Anụ
• Ịha/Ịchụ Mmiri

Study them as aspects of Igbo cultural belief and worldview.

Emume

Important ceremonies and festivals listed in the syllabus include:

• Ọfala
• Ịbọ Ụzọ
• Ịwa Ji/Iri Ji
• Igbu Ewuukwu
• Iru Mgbede
• Ịwa Akwa
• Akwamozu
• Ịgba Mkpe
• Ịgụ Afọ
• Mbarị
• Ụdara

For each relevant ceremony, understand:

• Meaning
• Purpose
• Participants
• Procedure
• Cultural Importance

Egwuregwu

The syllabus lists different traditional games and recreational activities.

Examples include:

• Egwu Ụmụaka
• Ịgba/Ịchụ Oro
• Ịtụ Okwe
• Ịzụ Nchọrọkọtọ
• Ịkpọ Okwe
• Mgba
• Ịkpọ Ọga
• Okoso
• Egwu Ọnwa

Study how they are performed and their social or recreational importance.

Nsọala and Arụ

The syllabus includes areas such as:

• Ihensọ
• Ebensọ
• Anụnsọ
• Osisinsọ
• Ime Ibeeṅe

Understand these within the cultural framework in which they are taught.

Ewumewu Igbo Institutions

Important Institutional areas include:

• Ewumewu Ọchịchị
• Ewumewu Mmekọrịta Mmadụ na Ibe Ya
• Echichi
• Abamaba
• Ewumewu Akụnaụba
• Akaọrụ
• Ewumewu Ofufe
• Ngwa Ofufe
• Ihe Ofufe

Ewumewu Ọchịchị

The syllabus lists institutions such as:

• Ezinaụlọ
• Ndị Eze Ọdịnala
• Nze na Ọzọ
• Ụmụọkpụ/Ụmụada
• Otu Ọgbọ
• Otu Nzuzo
• Otu Inyomdi
• Ụmụnna
• Ogbe
• Obodo

For each one, study:

• Meaning
• Membership
• Functions
• Importance

Ewumewu Mmekọrịta Mmadụ na Ibe Ya

The syllabus includes:

• Alụmalụ
• Ezinaụlọ
• Ịgọ Ọgọ
• Nwanwa/Nwadiala
• Ịgba Ndụ
• Ịgba Orikọ

Understand how these relate to social organisation and relationships.

Echichi

The syllabus lists titles and offices such as:

• Lọọlọ
• Iyọm
• Ọmụ
• Ezeji
• Jioke
• Atama

Study their meanings and functions where applicable.

Abamaba

Examples listed include:

• Mmọnwụ
• Ọkọnkọ
• Ekpe
• Ọmabe
• Odo
• Dibịa

Study their cultural roles within the relevant communities.

Ewumewu Akụnaụba

The syllabus includes traditional economic institutions and resources such as:

• Ike Ekpe
• Iri Ekpe
• Ala na Ihe Dị na Ya

Understand their importance within traditional economic life.

Akaọrụ Traditional Occupations

Examples include:

• Ịkpụ Ụzụ
• Ịgba Nta
• Ịkụ Azụ
• Ọrụugbo
• Ịkwa Nka
• Ịkpụ Ite

Study:

• Meaning
• Tools
• Products
• Economic Importance
• Cultural Importance

where applicable.

Ewumewu Ofufe

The syllabus lists traditional religious activities such as:

• Ịgba Afa
• Ịchụ Aja

Study these as aspects of traditional Igbo institutions.

Ngwa Ofufe

Examples include:

• Ọfọ
• Ikenga
• Okpesi
• Ogu
• Ọtọnsi

Know their cultural functions where required.

Ihe Ofufe

The syllabus lists areas such as:

• Ndịichie
• Arụsị
• Ikenga
• Ala
• Mmụọ Mmiri

It also gives examples including:

• Ogwugwu
• Ahịajiọkụ
• Agwụ
• Amadịọha
• Kamalụ
• Agbala
• Ibini Ụkpabị
• Ojukwu
• Igwekaala
• Idemmili

Study these as parts of the traditional worldview presented in the syllabus.

Important Igbo Topics to Prioritise

You should cover the complete syllabus, but make sure you are particularly confident in:

• Igbo Alphabet
• Vowels
• Consonants
• Syllabic Nasal
• Syllable Structure
• Vowel Harmony
• Elision
• Tone
• Tone Notation
• Spelling Rules
• Word Formation
• Standard Igbo
• Word Classes
• Tense
• Phrases
• Clauses
• Sentence Structure
• Composition
• Translation
• Literary Appreciation
• Oral Literature
• Current Prescribed Texts
• Selected Poetry
• Omenala
• Ewumewu

Best Order to Study WAEC Igbo

Stage 1 Sound System

Start with:

1. Igbo Alphabet
2. Vowels
3. Consonants
4. Syllabic Nasal
5. Syllable Structure
6. Vowel Harmony
7. Vowel Assimilation
8. Vowel Elision
9. Consonant Elision
10. Tone

Stage 2 Grammar

Study:

1. Spelling Rules
2. Word Formation
3. Dialects
4. Standard Igbo
5. Loan Words
6. Metalanguage
7. Word Classes
8. Tense
9. Number
10. Person
11. Phrases
12. Clauses
13. Sentences
14. Direct and Indirect Speech
15. Lexis and Structure
16. Punctuation

Stage 3 Writing Skills

Practise:

1. Comprehension
2. Translation
3. Narrative Composition
4. Descriptive Composition
5. Argumentative Composition
6. Expository Composition
7. Dialogue
8. Debate
9. Letter Writing

Stage 4 Oral Literature

Study:

1. Literary Appreciation
2. Folktales
3. Anecdotes
4. Legends
5. Myths
6. Oral Poetry
7. Songs
8. Proverbs
9. Riddles
10. Chants
11. Oral Drama
12. Tongue Twisters
13. Mbe Agaba
14. Selected Oral Poems

Stage 5 Written Literature

Study:

1. Jụọ Obinna
2. Otu Mkpisi Aka
3. Akụnuche
4. All 20 Selected Poems

For each prescribed text, revise:

• Themes
• Characters
• Style
• Literary Devices
• Important Events or Ideas

Stage 6 Omenala

Study:

1. Njirimara Ndị Igbo
2. Ekele
3. Mmemme
4. Nnabata Ọbịa
5. Ọmụmụ Nwa
6. Nkwenye
7. Emume
8. Egwuregwu
9. Nsọala/Arụ

Stage 7 Ewumewu

Finish with:

1. Ewumewu Ọchịchị
2. Ewumewu Mmekọrịta
3. Echichi
4. Abamaba
5. Ewumewu Akụnaụba
6. Akaọrụ
7. Ewumewu Ofufe
8. Ngwa Ofufe
9. Ihe Ofufe

Continue practising Igbo writing throughout every stage.

How to Use These WAEC Igbo Areas of Concentration

Start With the Complete Syllabus

Use the complete syllabus as your main checklist.

READ ALSO: WAEC Yoruba Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download

Divide Your Notebook Into Three Sections

Create separate sections for:

• Language
• Literature
• Culture

Then break Language into Sound System, Grammar and Writing.

Break Literature into Oral and Written Literature.

Break Culture into Omenala and Ewumewu.

Practise Igbo Every Day

Igbo is not a subject you should prepare for by reading English explanations only.

Practise:

• Reading Igbo
• Writing Igbo
• Speaking Igbo
• Tone Marking
• Grammar Exercises
• Composition

Use Standard Igbo

The examination requires standard Igbo orthography and metalanguage.

When practising essays and grammar, avoid depending entirely on your local dialect if it differs from Standard Igbo.

Read the Current Set Books

Do not depend only on summaries.

Read:

• Jụọ Obinna
• Otu Mkpisi Aka
• Akụnuche
• Mbe Agaba
• Abụ Agụrụọnụ Ndị Igbo

and concentrate on the prescribed selections where the syllabus specifies them.

Practise Past Questions by Section

After studying Language, answer Language questions.

After studying Literature, answer questions based on literary appreciation and the prescribed texts.

After studying Culture, answer questions on Omenala and Ewumewu.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Are the WAEC Igbo Areas of Concentration for 2027

The major areas are Igbo Language, Literature and Culture.

Language covers Comprehension, Composition, Translation, Sound System and Grammar. Literature covers Oral and Written Literature, while Culture covers Omenala and Ewumewu.

What Should I Focus on Most for WAEC Igbo

Give strong attention to the Sound System, Grammar, Composition, current prescribed literature texts, Omenala and Ewumewu.

Is Igbo Sound System Important

Yes.

Study:

• Vowels
• Consonants
• Syllabic Nasal
• Syllable Structure
• Vowel Harmony
• Vowel Assimilation
• Vowel Elision
• Consonant Elision
• Tone
• Tone Notation

Is Vowel Harmony Included

Yes.

Vowel harmony is specifically listed under Sound Processes.

Is Tone Included

Yes.

Tone and tone notation are major parts of the Sound System.

Is Igbo Grammar Included

Yes.

Grammar covers spelling, word formation, dialects, Standard Igbo, loan words, metalanguage, word classes, grammatical categories, phrases, clauses, sentences, lexis and punctuation.

What Word Classes Should I Study

The syllabus specifically mentions:

• Noun
• Verb
• Pronoun
• Conjunction
• Preposition

and other word classes taught in the course.

Is Composition Included

Yes.

Prepare:

• Narrative
• Descriptive
• Argumentative
• Expository
• Dialogue
• Debate
• Letter Writing

How Many Words Should I Write in Igbo Composition

The syllabus requires approximately 300 words and advises candidates not to spend more than 45 minutes on the section.

Is Translation Included

Yes.

Translation contributes four objective questions in Paper 1.

Is Oral Literature Included

Yes.

Study:

• Folktales
• Anecdotes
• Legends
• Myths
• Poetry
• Songs
• Proverbs
• Riddles
• Chants
• Oral Drama
• Tongue Twisters

What Is the Current WAEC Igbo Prose Book

The current written prose text is Jụọ Obinna by Tony Ubesie.

What Is the Current WAEC Igbo Drama Book

The current drama text is Otu Mkpisi Aka by J. C. Maduekwe.

What Is the Current WAEC Igbo Poetry Book

The current written poetry text is Akụnuche by Inno Uzọma Nwadike.

The syllabus specifies 20 poems from the book.

What Is the Current WAEC Igbo Oral Prose Book

The prescribed oral prose text is Mbe Agaba by F. O. F. Onwudufor.

What Is the Current WAEC Igbo Oral Poetry Book

The prescribed oral poetry text is Abụ Agụrụọnụ Ndị Igbo by G. I. Nwaozuzu.

Is Igbo Culture Included

Yes.

Culture is divided into:

• Customs — Omenala
• Institutions — Ewumewu

What Should I Study Under Omenala

Important areas include:

• Njirimara Ndị Igbo
• Ekele
• Mmemme
• Nnabata Ọbịa
• Ọmụmụ Nwa
• Nkwenye
• Emume
• Egwuregwu
• Nsọala/Arụ

What Should I Study Under Ewumewu

Important areas include:

• Ewumewu Ọchịchị
• Ewumewu Mmekọrịta
• Echichi
• Abamaba
• Ewumewu Akụnaụba
• Akaọrụ
• Ewumewu Ofufe
• Ngwa Ofufe
• Ihe Ofufe

Are Igbo Proverbs Included

Yes.

Proverbs — Ilu — are included under Oral Literature.

Are Igbo Traditional Games Included

Yes.

Traditional games and recreational activities are included under Egwuregwu.

Where Can I Download the Complete Igbo Syllabus

Use the WAEC Igbo Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download page to access the complete syllabus.

Where Can I Find Areas of Concentration for Other WAEC Subjects

Use the WAEC Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 for All Subjects page.

Conclusion

The WAEC Igbo Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 are divided mainly into Language, Literature and Culture.

For Language, concentrate on Comprehension, Composition, Translation, the Igbo Sound System and Grammar. Make sure you understand vowels, consonants, syllabic nasal, vowel harmony, elision, tone, spelling, word formation, Standard Igbo, word classes, phrases, clauses and sentences.

For Literature, prepare both Oral and Written Literature. Read the current prescribed texts thoroughly and study the selected poems specified in the syllabus. Pay attention to themes, characters, literary devices, language and style.

For Culture, divide your revision into Omenala and Ewumewu. Prepare greetings, ceremonies, hospitality, beliefs, festivals, games, traditional institutions, titles, occupations and religious institutions.

Most importantly, practise writing Igbo regularly. You will be required to answer Paper 2 in Igbo using standard orthography and metalanguage, so regular writing practice should form part of your preparation.

Use the complete syllabus as your main checklist, read all prescribed texts and combine your revision with WAEC past questions.

READ ALSO: WAEC Igbo Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download

READ ALSO: WAEC Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 for All Subjects

READ ALSO: WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects

READ ALSO: WAEC Timetable 2027