WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download
By Rabiu Francis ✨ Last Updated: October 16, 2026Download the WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF and see the complete topics, exam structure, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, statistics and probability.
The WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus 2027/2028 contains the mathematical concepts, calculations and problem-solving skills you need to prepare for General Mathematics in the West African Senior School Certificate Examination.
The subject is also presented in the syllabus as General Mathematics/Mathematics (Core). It is designed to test your mathematical competence, computational skills, understanding of mathematical concepts, ability to translate practical problems into mathematical language and ability to solve them using appropriate methods. It also develops logical, abstract and precise thinking.
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The major areas covered are:
- Number and Numeration
- Algebraic Processes
- Mensuration
- Plane Geometry
- Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines
- Trigonometry
- Introductory Calculus
- Statistics and Probability
- Vectors and Transformation
You should prepare General Mathematics by solving questions regularly. Reading formulas and worked examples is useful, but you need repeated practice before you can confidently identify the correct method during the examination.
READ ALSO: WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects
Download WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF
You can download the complete WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF and keep it on your phone, tablet or computer for revision.
The syllabus covers:
- Number Bases
- Modular Arithmetic
- Fractions
- Decimals
- Approximations
- Significant Figures
- Indices
- Standard Form
- Logarithms
- Sequences and Series
- Arithmetic Progression
- Geometric Progression
- Sets
- Venn Diagrams
- Logical Reasoning
- Rational Numbers
- Surds
- Matrices
- Determinants
- Ratio
- Proportion
- Rates
- Percentages
- Simple Interest
- Compound Interest
- Profit and Loss
- Hire Purchase
- Financial Arithmetic
- Depreciation
- Amortization
- Annuities
- Shares and Stocks
- Bonds and Debentures
- Variation
- Algebraic Expressions
- Factorization
- Binary Operations
- Linear Equations
- Simultaneous Equations
- Change of Subject of Formula
- Quadratic Equations
- Linear and Quadratic Graphs
- Linear Inequalities
- Algebraic Fractions
- Functions and Relations
- Pythagoras’ Theorem
- Sine and Cosine Rules
- Arc Lengths
- Sectors
- Segments
- Latitude and Longitude
- Areas
- Surface Areas
- Volumes
- Angles
- Parallel Lines
- Triangles
- Polygons
- Circle Theorems
- Construction
- Loci
- Coordinate Geometry
- Trigonometric Ratios
- Elevation and Depression
- Bearings
- Differentiation
- Integration
- Frequency Distribution
- Pie Charts
- Bar Charts
- Histograms
- Frequency Polygons
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Ogive
- Range
- Variance
- Standard Deviation
- Probability
- Vectors
- Reflection
- Rotation
- Translation
- Enlargement
Use the complete syllabus as your study checklist. Mark each topic after you have studied it and solved enough questions to understand how it works.
WAEC General Mathematics Examination Structure
The examination consists of two papers: Paper 1 and Paper 2, and both papers must be taken.
WAEC General Mathematics Paper 1
Paper 1 contains 50 multiple-choice objective questions drawn from the common areas of the syllabus.
You are required to answer all the questions within 1 hour 30 minutes.
The paper carries 50 marks.
Since Paper 1 can test different parts of the syllabus, you should not concentrate only on Algebra or Mensuration while leaving other areas.
WAEC General Mathematics Paper 2
Paper 2 contains 13 essay questions divided into:
- Section A
- Section B
The paper lasts 2 hours 30 minutes and carries 100 marks.
You are required to answer 10 questions altogether.
General Mathematics Paper 2 Section A
Section A contains five compulsory questions.
All five questions must be answered.
The section carries a total of 40 marks and the questions are drawn from the common areas of the syllabus.
General Mathematics Paper 2 Section B
Section B contains eight questions of greater length and difficulty.
You are required to answer five questions.
The section carries 60 marks.
The syllabus also notes that this section can contain a maximum of two questions drawn from syllabus areas that may not be peculiar to candidates’ home countries.
Complete WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus 2027/2028
The detailed syllabus is organised into nine main sections:
- Number and Numeration
- Algebraic Processes
- Mensuration
- Plane Geometry
- Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines
- Trigonometry
- Introductory Calculus
- Statistics and Probability
- Vectors and Transformation
Number and Numeration
Number and Numeration is a broad section containing many of the arithmetic concepts you will use throughout Mathematics.
The major topics include:
- Number Bases
- Modular Arithmetic
- Fractions and Decimals
- Approximations
- Indices
- Standard Form
- Logarithms
- Sequences and Series
- Sets
- Logical Reasoning
- Rational Numbers
- Surds
- Matrices and Determinants
- Ratio and Proportion
- Rates
- Percentages
- Financial Arithmetic
- Variation
Number Bases
Study:
- Conversion from one base to another
- Conversion from another base to base 10
- Conversion from base 10 to another base
- Addition in different number bases
- Subtraction in different number bases
- Multiplication in different number bases
Converting Number Bases
You should be able to convert numbers:
- From base 2 to base 10
- From base 10 to base 2
- From one non-decimal base to another
Practise the method rather than memorising individual conversions.
Operations in Number Bases
You should also practise:
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Multiplication
while keeping the base in mind.
Modular Arithmetic
The syllabus covers:
- Concept of Modulo Arithmetic
- Addition in Modular Arithmetic
- Subtraction in Modular Arithmetic
- Multiplication in Modular Arithmetic
- Applications to Daily Life
Examples in the syllabus include expressions such as:
6 + 4 = k (mod 7)
and applications involving:
- Market Days
- Clocks
- Shift Duty
Fractions and Decimals
Study the four basic operations involving:
- Fractions
- Decimals
You should be comfortable with:
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Multiplication
- Division
without depending completely on a calculator.
Approximations and Significant Figures
Study:
- Decimal Places
- Significant Figures
- Appropriate Levels of Accuracy
The syllabus emphasises that approximations should be realistic for the quantity being measured.
For example, different situations may require different degrees of accuracy.
Indices
Study the Laws of Indices.
These include rules involving:
- Multiplication
- Division
- Powers of Powers
- Zero Indices
- Negative Indices
- Fractional Indices
The syllabus includes simple examples involving negative and fractional indices.
Standard Form
You should be able to express very large and very small numbers in scientific notation or standard form.
Examples include forms such as:
3.753 × 10⁸
or:
3.5 × 10⁻⁷
Practise:
- Converting ordinary numbers to standard form
- Converting standard form to ordinary numbers
- Performing calculations involving standard form
Logarithms
The syllabus covers:
- Relationship Between Indices and Logarithms
- Laws of Logarithms
- Logarithm Tables
- Antilogarithm Tables
Laws of Logarithms
Study rules involving:
- Products
- Quotients
- Powers
You should understand how logarithms can be used in calculations involving:
- Multiplication
- Division
- Powers
- Roots
Sequences and Series
Study:
- Patterns of Sequences
- Arithmetic Progression
- Geometric Progression
Finding Terms of a Sequence
You should be able to identify a pattern and determine a required term.
The notation:
Uₙ
may be used for the nth term.
Arithmetic Progression
Study:
- First Term
- Common Difference
- nth Term
- Sum of an Arithmetic Progression
The syllabus includes simple word problems.
Geometric Progression
Study:
- First Term
- Common Ratio
- nth Term
The syllabus includes simple G.P. cases but excludes the sum of a G.P. in this section.
Sets
Study:
- Universal Sets
- Finite Sets
- Infinite Sets
- Subsets
- Empty Sets
- Disjoint Sets
- Union
- Intersection
- Complement
Venn Diagrams
You should be able to use Venn diagrams to solve classification problems.
The syllabus restricts these questions to at most three sets.
Practise:
- Two-Set Problems
- Three-Set Problems
- Complements
- Intersections
- Unions
Logical Reasoning
The syllabus includes:
- Simple Statements
- True Statements
- False Statements
- Negation
- Implications
You should understand mathematical statements and use the logical symbols provided in your course correctly.
Positive and Negative Integers and Rational Numbers
Study:
- Positive Integers
- Negative Integers
- Rational Numbers
- Number Line
Practise the four basic operations involving rational numbers.
You should also recognise standard notation for:
- Natural Numbers
- Integers
- Rational Numbers
Surds
Study:
- Simplification of Surds
- Rationalisation
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Multiplication
- Division
The syllabus limits the work to simple surd forms.
Do not convert every surd into a decimal unless the question requires it.
Matrices and Determinants
The syllabus includes:
- Order of a Matrix
- Matrix Notation
- Types of Matrices
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Scalar Multiplication
- Matrix Multiplication
- Determinants
- Application to Simultaneous Equations
Order of a Matrix
You should understand the meaning of:
- Rows
- Columns
- Matrix Order
Matrix Operations
Practise:
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Multiplication by a Scalar
- Matrix Multiplication
Check whether matrices have compatible orders before carrying out an operation.
Determinants
The detailed syllabus restricts the determinant application for simultaneous linear equations to 2 × 2 matrices.
Ratio Proportion and Rates
Study:
- Ratios
- Proportions
- Financial Partnerships
- Rates of Work
- Costs
- Taxes
- Foreign Exchange
- Population Density
- Mass
- Distance
- Time
- Speed
The syllabus expects these ideas to be related to practical situations.
Rates
Practise calculations involving:
- Distance and Time
- Speed
- Work Rates
- Population Density
- Exchange Rates
Also pay attention to average rates.
Taxes
The syllabus includes practical tax calculations, with examples such as:
- VAT
- Withholding Tax
Read each question carefully because the percentage may apply to a particular part of the amount.
Percentages
Study percentage applications involving:
- Simple Interest
- Commission
- Discount
- Depreciation
- Profit and Loss
- Compound Interest
- Hire Purchase
- Percentage Error
Simple Interest
Understand how interest depends on:
- Principal
- Rate
- Time
Practise both finding interest and finding the final amount.
Profit and Loss
Study:
- Cost Price
- Selling Price
- Profit
- Loss
- Percentage Profit
- Percentage Loss
Discount and Commission
Practise questions where percentages are applied to selling prices, marked prices or transaction values.
Compound Interest
The syllabus limits compound-interest problems in this section to a maximum of three years.
Hire Purchase
Understand the relationship among:
- Cash Price
- Deposit
- Instalments
- Hire-Purchase Price
Percentage Error
Study how to calculate percentage error from an approximate and actual value.
Financial Arithmetic
The syllabus includes:
- Depreciation
- Amortization
- Annuities
- Capital Market Instruments
Depreciation and Amortization
Study the meaning and calculations involving depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of capitalised assets.
Annuities
Understand the meaning of an annuity and solve the simple problems required by the syllabus.
Shares Stocks Bonds and Debentures
The syllabus includes:
- Shares
- Stocks
- Debentures
- Bonds
- Interest on Bonds
- Interest on Debentures
Variation
Study:
- Direct Variation
- Inverse Variation
- Partial Variation
- Joint Variation
You should be able to:
- Translate the relationship into mathematical symbols.
- Determine the constant of variation.
- Form an equation.
- Solve practical problems.
Algebraic Processes
Algebra is one of the most important areas in General Mathematics.
The syllabus covers:
- Algebraic Expressions
- Expansion
- Factorization
- Binary Operations
- Linear Equations
- Simultaneous Equations
- Change of Subject of Formula
- Quadratic Equations
- Graphs
- Linear Inequalities
- Algebraic Fractions
- Functions and Relations
Algebraic Expressions
You should be able to translate practical statements into algebraic expressions.
For example, a question may describe prices, quantities or measurements and require you to represent them using variables.
You should also be able to substitute values and evaluate an expression.
Expansion
Practise expanding expressions such as products of binomials.
Take care with:
- Signs
- Like Terms
- Brackets
Factorization
Study factorization involving:
- Common Factors
- Grouping
- Difference of Two Squares
- Quadratic Expressions
Factorization is particularly important because it is used again when solving quadratic equations.
Binary Operations
The syllabus includes binary operations on real numbers.
A question may define an operation such as:
a * b = 2a + b - ab
and ask you to calculate a particular value.
Always use the definition supplied in the question.
Linear Equations
Study linear equations in one variable.
Practise:
- Removing Brackets
- Collecting Like Terms
- Working With Fractions
- Solving Word Problems
Simultaneous Linear Equations
You should be able to solve two simultaneous equations using:
- Elimination
- Substitution
- Graphical Method
Practise word problems that require you to first form the equations.
Change of Subject of Formula
Study how to rearrange a formula so that a particular variable becomes the subject.
For example, you may be required to make one variable the subject of a relationship containing several others.
Substitution
After changing the subject, you may also be asked to substitute numerical values.
Watch carefully for:
- Powers
- Roots
- Fractions
- Negative Values
Quadratic Equations
Study solving quadratic equations using:
- Factorization
- Completing the Square
- Quadratic Formula
Forming Quadratic Equations From Roots
You should also be able to form a quadratic equation when its roots are given.
If the roots are α and β, the structure:
(x - α)(x - β) = 0
can be used before expanding.
Applications of Quadratic Equations
Practise word problems that lead to quadratic equations.
Do not assume every algebra word problem is linear.
Graphs of Linear and Quadratic Functions
Study:
- Tables of Values
- Coordinates
- Plotting Points
- Quadratic Curves
- Roots From Graphs
- Maximum and Minimum Points
- Intercepts
- Axis of Symmetry
Solving Equations Graphically
The syllabus includes graphical solutions involving equations such as:
y = ax² + bx + c
and:
y = mx + k
You should be able to identify the coordinates of intersection.
Gradient of a Curve
The syllabus also includes drawing a tangent to a curve and using it to estimate the gradient at a point.
Draw a sufficiently large gradient triangle to reduce reading errors.
Linear Inequalities
Study:
- Inequalities in One Variable
- Number-Line Representation
- Inequalities in Two Variables
- Simultaneous Inequalities
- Maximum and Minimum Values
- Linear Programming
Inequalities on a Number Line
Be careful when multiplying or dividing an inequality by a negative number because the inequality sign changes direction.
Graphical Inequalities
You should be able to:
- Draw the boundary line.
- Determine the required region.
- Shade correctly.
- Identify the feasible region.
Linear Programming
The syllabus connects simultaneous inequalities with practical situations involving:
- Minimum Cost
- Maximum Profit
Algebraic Fractions
Study operations involving algebraic fractions with:
- Monomial Denominators
- Binomial Denominators
Pay attention to values for which a denominator becomes zero.
These values are excluded from the domain of the expression.
Functions and Relations
Study:
- One-to-One
- One-to-Many
- Many-to-One
- Many-to-Many
- Mapping
- Determining the Rule of a Function or Relation
You should understand the relationship between input values and output values.
Mensuration
Mensuration covers measurement of:
- Length
- Perimeter
- Area
- Surface Area
- Volume
It also includes applications involving Pythagoras’ Theorem, Sine and Cosine Rules, arcs, sectors, latitude and longitude.
Lengths and Perimeters
Study:
- Pythagoras’ Theorem
- Sine Rule
- Cosine Rule
- Arc Length
- Perimeter of Sectors
- Perimeter of Segments
- Latitude and Longitude
Pythagoras’ Theorem
Be able to identify the hypotenuse correctly before applying:
a² + b² = c²
The theorem is frequently used with:
- Right-Angled Triangles
- Distance Problems
- Three-Dimensional Shapes
Sine and Cosine Rules
The syllabus allows these rules to be used for determining lengths and distances.
Know when the available information suggests:
- Sine Rule
- Cosine Rule
Arc Length
Understand how the length of an arc relates to:
- Radius
- Central Angle
- Circumference
Sectors and Segments
Study perimeters and areas involving sectors and segments of circles.
Take care not to confuse:
- Arc Length
- Sector Area
- Segment Area
Latitude and Longitude
The syllabus includes distances along:
- Latitudes
- Longitudes
and their corresponding angles.
Practise interpreting diagrams of the Earth carefully.
Areas
Study areas of:
- Triangles
- Rectangles
- Parallelograms
- Trapeziums
- Circles
- Sectors
- Segments
- Compound Shapes
Area of a Triangle
Know formulas such as:
Area = ½ × base × height
and:
Area = ½ab sin C
where applicable.
Similar Figures
The syllabus includes areas of similar figures.
Understand how the scale factor for lengths relates to the scale factor for areas.
Surface Areas
Study surface areas of:
- Cubes
- Cuboids
- Cylinders
- Pyramids
- Right Triangular Prisms
- Cones
- Spheres
Cone and Sector Relationship
The syllabus specifically connects the sector of a circle with the curved surface of a cone.
Understand how a sector can form the curved surface when folded.
Volumes
Study volumes of:
- Cubes
- Cuboids
- Cylinders
- Cones
- Right Pyramids
- Spheres
- Compound Solids
Similar Solids
Understand how the linear scale factor relates to the volume scale factor.
Plane Geometry
Plane Geometry includes:
- Angles
- Parallel Lines
- Triangles
- Polygons
- Circles
- Construction
- Loci
Angles
Know basic angle relationships such as:
- Angles at a Point Sum to 360°
- Angles on a Straight Line Sum to 180°
- Vertically Opposite Angles Are Equal
Also recognise:
- Acute Angles
- Obtuse Angles
- Reflex Angles
- Right Angles
Angles on Parallel Lines
Study:
- Alternate Angles
- Corresponding Angles
- Interior Angles
The syllabus also includes the Intercept Theorem.
Triangles
Study:
- Sum of Angles of a Triangle
- Exterior Angle Property
- Congruent Triangles
- Isosceles Triangles
- Equilateral Triangles
- Right-Angled Triangles
- Similar Triangles
Congruent Triangles
Know conditions such as:
- SSS
- SAS
and other conditions covered in your course.
The syllabus notes that the conditions should be known even where formal proofs are not required.
Similar Triangles
Understand:
- Corresponding Angles
- Corresponding Sides
- Ratios of Sides
- Ratios of Areas
Quadrilaterals
Study properties of:
- Parallelograms
- Rhombuses
- Squares
- Rectangles
- Trapeziums
Polygons
Study:
- Interior Angles
- Exterior Angles
- Sum of Interior Angles
The syllabus gives:
(n - 2) × 180°
for the sum of the interior angles of an n-sided polygon.
Circle Geometry
Important circle properties include:
- Chords
- Angles at the Centre
- Angles at the Circumference
- Angles in a Semicircle
- Angles in the Same Segment
- Opposite Angles of Cyclic Quadrilaterals
- Tangent and Radius
- Alternate Segment Theorem
Chords
Understand properties involving:
- Chords
- Perpendicular Bisectors
- Centre of the Circle
Angle at the Centre
The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is twice the angle subtended by the same arc at the circumference.
Angle in a Semicircle
An angle subtended at the circumference by a diameter is a right angle.
Angles in the Same Segment
Angles in the same segment are equal.
Opposite Angles in a Cyclic Quadrilateral
Opposite angles are supplementary.
Tangent and Radius
A tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.
Alternate Segment Theorem
Study the relationship between the angle made by a tangent and chord and the angle in the alternate segment.
Geometrical Construction
Study construction of:
- Angle Bisectors
- Perpendicular Bisectors
- Parallel Lines
- Perpendicular Lines
- 90° Angles
- 60° Angles
- 45° Angles
- 30° Angles
- Triangles
- Quadrilaterals
The syllabus also includes combinations producing angles such as:
- 75°
- 105°
- 135°
Loci
Study loci involving:
- Points at a Given Distance From a Point
- Points Equidistant From Two Points
- Points Equidistant From Two Straight Lines
- Points at a Given Distance From a Straight Line
- Intersections of Loci
Practise drawing the required construction rather than describing it only in words.
Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines
The syllabus covers the x-y plane and coordinates of points.
Important areas include:
- Midpoint
- Distance Between Two Points
- Gradient
- Equation of a Straight Line
Midpoint
For points:
P(x₁, y₁) and Q(x₂, y₂)
you should be able to find their midpoint.
Distance Between Two Points
Study the distance formula:
PQ = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]
Gradient of a Straight Line
For two points, study:
m = (y₂ - y₁)/(x₂ - x₁)
where m is the gradient.
Equation of a Straight Line
The syllabus includes forms such as:
y = mx + c
and:
y - y₁ = m(x - x₁)
You should be able to form the equation from:
- A Gradient and a Point
- Two Points
- A Graph
Trigonometry
The Trigonometry section includes:
- Sine
- Cosine
- Tangent
- Special Angles
- Angles From 0° to 360°
- Trigonometric Graphs
- Angles of Elevation and Depression
- Bearings
Sine Cosine and Tangent
Understand the trigonometric ratios in a right-angled triangle.
You should know how to identify:
- Opposite Side
- Adjacent Side
- Hypotenuse
relative to a specified angle.
Special Angles
The syllabus requires the trigonometric ratios of:
- 30°
- 45°
- 60°
without using tables.
Learn their exact values.
Angles From 0° to 360°
Study sine, cosine and tangent for general angles in this range.
The syllabus relates these ratios to the unit circle.
Trigonometric Graphs
Study graphs of:
- Sine
- Cosine
- Other Trigonometric Ratios
The syllabus includes examples such as:
y = a sin x
and:
y = b cos x
Angles of Elevation and Depression
Study simple problems involving:
- Heights
- Distances
- Angles of Elevation
- Angles of Depression
Draw a diagram before attempting the calculation.
Bearings
Study:
- Three-Figure Bearings
- Directional Bearings
- Distances
- Angles
The syllabus gives notations such as:
035°
and:
N35°E
A diagram is particularly useful in bearing questions.
Introductory Calculus
The syllabus introduces:
- Differentiation
- Integration
Differentiation
Study the meaning of differentiation and its relationship to the gradient of a curve at a point.
For example, if:
y = x²
then:
dy/dx = 2x
Applications of Differentiation
The syllabus includes applications such as:
- Maximum Values
- Minimum Values
- Rates of Change
- Velocity
For example, where displacement is expressed as a function of time, differentiation can be used to obtain velocity.
Integration
Study the meaning of integration and the evaluation of simple definite integrals of algebraic functions.
Understand integration as closely related to the reverse process of differentiation.
Statistics and Probability
This section is divided into:
- Statistics
- Probability
Statistics
The syllabus covers:
- Frequency Distribution
- Pie Charts
- Bar Charts
- Histograms
- Frequency Polygons
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Cumulative Frequency Curves
- Range
- Interquartile Range
- Variance
- Mean Deviation
- Standard Deviation
Frequency Distribution
Study:
- Frequency Tables
- Class Intervals
- Class Marks
- Class Boundaries
You should be able to construct and interpret a frequency distribution table.
Pie Charts
Practise converting frequencies into angles and interpreting data represented in a pie chart.
Bar Charts
Understand how categorical or discrete data can be represented and interpreted.
Histograms
The syllabus includes histograms and specifically excludes unequal class intervals.
Be able to:
- Draw Histograms
- Read Values
- Interpret Information
Frequency Polygons
Study how a frequency polygon can be constructed from grouped data.
Mean
Practise calculating mean for:
- Discrete Data
- Grouped Data
The use of an assumed mean is accepted but not required.
Median
For grouped data, the syllabus expects median estimation from the cumulative frequency curve.
Mode
For grouped data, the mode should be estimated from the histogram.
Cumulative Frequency Curve
The cumulative frequency curve is also called an Ogive.
You should be able to estimate:
- Median
- Quartiles
- Percentiles
from the curve.
Measures of Dispersion
Study:
- Range
- Interquartile Range
- Semi-Interquartile Range
- Variance
- Mean Deviation
- Standard Deviation
Range
Calculate the difference between the highest and lowest values.
Interquartile Range
Understand:
IQR = Q₃ - Q₁
and how quartiles may be read from an Ogive.
Mean Deviation
The syllabus describes Mean Deviation as the mean of the absolute deviations from the mean.
Variance and Standard Deviation
Study both concepts and their relationship.
The syllabus notes that variance is the square of the standard deviation.
Probability
The syllabus covers:
- Experimental Probability
- Theoretical Probability
- Mutually Exclusive Events
- Independent Events
- Addition of Probabilities
- Multiplication of Probabilities
- With Replacement
- Without Replacement
Experimental Probability
Understand probability based on actual observed outcomes.
Theoretical Probability
Study probability based on equally likely outcomes, such as:
- Tossing a Fair Coin
- Throwing a Fair Die
Addition of Probabilities
Pay attention to whether events are mutually exclusive or otherwise as required by the question.
Multiplication of Probabilities
Study multiplication involving independent events.
The syllabus also expects you to interpret the words:
- and
- or
correctly in probability problems.
With and Without Replacement
Understand how replacing an item after selection affects the probability of later selections.
Vectors and Transformation
The final major section covers:
- Vectors in a Plane
- Transformations in the Cartesian Plane
Vectors in a Plane
Study:
- Vectors as Directed Line Segments
- Cartesian Components
- Magnitude
- Equal Vectors
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Zero Vector
- Parallel Vectors
- Multiplication by a Scalar
Magnitude of a Vector
You should be able to calculate the magnitude of a vector from its Cartesian components.
Vector Addition and Subtraction
Practise both:
- Algebraic Representation
- Graphical Representation
The syllabus requires knowledge of graphical representation.
Transformation in the Cartesian Plane
Study:
- Reflection
- Rotation
- Translation
- Enlargement
Reflection
The syllabus includes reflection of points and shapes in:
- The x-axis
- The y-axis
- Lines of the form
x = k y = xy = k- Other specified lines within the stated limits
You should also be able to determine mirror lines or lines of symmetry.
Rotation
Study rotation:
- About the Origin
- About a Point Other Than the Origin
The syllabus restricts angles of rotation to the range from -180° to 180°.
Translation
Study translation using a translation vector.
You should be able to determine the new coordinates of a point or shape.
Enlargement
Study enlargement using:
- Centre of Enlargement
- Scale Factor
You should also be able to enlarge or reduce plane figures using a given scale.
Units You Should Know
The syllabus requires familiarity with common units and their symbols.
These include units of:
- Length
- Area
- Capacity
- Mass
- Currency
Length Units
Know:
- 1000 millimetres = 100 centimetres = 1 metre
- 1000 metres = 1 kilometre
Area Units
Know:
- 10,000 square metres = 1 hectare
Capacity Units
Know:
- 1000 cubic centimetres = 1 litre
Mass Units
Know:
- 1000 milligrammes = 1 gramme
- 1000 grammes = 1 kilogramme
- 1000 kilogrammes = 1 tonne
Currency Calculations
The syllabus contains currency units for different WAEC countries and some major international currencies.
Your preparation should include calculations involving:
- Exchange Rates
- Conversion From One Currency to Another
- Practical Financial Problems
Use of Mathematical and Statistical Tables
The syllabus states that Mathematical and Statistical Tables published or approved by WAEC may be used in the examination room.
Where a question does not specify the required degree of accuracy, the expected accuracy is that obtainable from the mathematical tables.
Use of Calculators
The syllabus permits:
- Non-Programmable Calculators
- Silent Calculators
- Cordless Calculators
The calculator must not be able to:
- Receive Information
- Send Information
Phones with or without calculator functions are not allowed.
The syllabus also states that individual questions may prohibit the use of tables or calculators.
Mathematical Instruments to Bring
Candidates should bring the mathematical instruments required for the examination, including items such as:
- Ruler
- Pair of Compasses
- Protractor
- Set Squares
You should not depend on borrowing instruments from another candidate during the examination.
Graph paper will be provided where required.
Important General Mathematics Formulas to Know
Create a formula notebook covering areas such as:
- Percentages
- Simple Interest
- Compound Interest
- Variation
- Quadratic Formula
- Pythagoras’ Theorem
- Areas
- Surface Areas
- Volumes
- Arc Length
- Sector Area
- Sine Rule
- Cosine Rule
- Coordinate Geometry
- Trigonometric Ratios
- Statistics
Do not memorise a formula without understanding what each symbol represents.
Important General Mathematics Calculations to Practise
Give regular attention to:
- Number Bases
- Modular Arithmetic
- Fractions
- Standard Form
- Logarithms
- AP and GP
- Sets
- Matrices
- Ratio
- Rates
- Percentages
- Interest
- Financial Arithmetic
- Variation
- Linear Equations
- Quadratic Equations
- Mensuration
- Trigonometry
- Statistics
- Probability
- Vectors
Important Graphs to Practise
You should be confident in:
- Linear Graphs
- Quadratic Graphs
- Linear Inequality Graphs
- Sine Graphs
- Cosine Graphs
- Bar Charts
- Histograms
- Frequency Polygons
- Cumulative Frequency Curves
For every graph:
- Choose an appropriate scale.
- Label both axes.
- Plot points accurately.
- Draw the required line or curve neatly.
- Read required values carefully.
Important Geometry Areas to Practise
Give strong attention to:
- Angle Properties
- Parallel Lines
- Similar Triangles
- Congruent Triangles
- Polygon Angles
- Circle Theorems
- Construction
- Loci
- Bearings
Many Geometry questions require you to identify the appropriate theorem before beginning calculations.
How to Use the WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus to Prepare
Start With the Complete Syllabus
Use the syllabus PDF as your main checklist.
READ ALSO: WAEC English Language Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download
Identify Your Weak Areas Early
Divide the syllabus into three groups:
- Strong
- Average
- Weak
Spend more time on weak topics while still revising the areas you already understand.
Solve Mathematics Every Day
You do not need to complete an entire paper every day.
A useful daily target can be:
- 10 Objective Questions
- 2 or 3 Theory Questions
- One Difficult Topic Review
Consistency is more useful than waiting to practise only on weekends.
Show Your Working
For Paper 2, write your mathematical steps clearly.
Do not jump from the question directly to an answer.
Showing your method also makes it easier to find your own mistakes.
Check Units
Mensuration and practical problems can involve:
- Metres
- Centimetres
- Square Units
- Cubic Units
- Litres
- Kilogrammes
- Time
- Currency
Convert units before performing calculations where necessary.
Practise Without a Calculator Sometimes
Although calculators are permitted subject to the syllabus conditions, you should still be comfortable with basic arithmetic without one.
This helps you work faster and check whether a calculator answer is reasonable.
Learn to Use Your Calculator Correctly
Practise entering:
- Powers
- Roots
- Fractions
- Trigonometric Ratios
correctly.
A calculator will only give the correct answer if the expression is entered correctly.
Draw Diagrams
For questions involving:
- Bearings
- Elevation and Depression
- Geometry
- Vectors
- Mensuration
draw a clear diagram before calculating.
Practise Past Questions by Topic
After completing each topic, answer related WAEC questions.
For example:
After Number Bases → solve Number Base questions.
After Quadratic Equations → solve both direct and word problems.
After Circle Theorems → practise theorem questions.
After Statistics → answer questions involving tables and graphs.
After Probability → practise both “and” and “or” questions.
Best Order to Study WAEC General Mathematics
A practical revision order is to move from basic arithmetic into Algebra, Geometry and then Statistics.
Stage 1 Number and Numeration
Start with:
- Fractions and Decimals
- Approximation
- Indices
- Standard Form
- Number Bases
- Modular Arithmetic
- Logarithms
- Sequences
- Sets
- Surds
Stage 2 Commercial and Financial Mathematics
Study:
- Ratio
- Proportion
- Rates
- Percentages
- Simple Interest
- Compound Interest
- Profit and Loss
- Hire Purchase
- Financial Arithmetic
- Variation
Stage 3 Algebra
Study:
- Algebraic Expressions
- Expansion
- Factorization
- Linear Equations
- Simultaneous Equations
- Formulae
- Quadratic Equations
- Algebraic Fractions
- Functions
- Inequalities
Stage 4 Graphs and Coordinate Geometry
Study:
- Tables of Values
- Linear Graphs
- Quadratic Graphs
- Gradients
- Straight-Line Equations
- Graphical Solutions
Stage 5 Mensuration and Geometry
Study:
- Pythagoras’ Theorem
- Areas
- Surface Areas
- Volumes
- Angle Properties
- Triangles
- Polygons
- Circle Theorems
- Construction
- Loci
Stage 6 Trigonometry and Calculus
Study:
- Sine
- Cosine
- Tangent
- Bearings
- Elevation and Depression
- Trigonometric Graphs
- Differentiation
- Integration
Stage 7 Statistics Probability and Transformation
Finish the main cycle with:
- Frequency Tables
- Charts
- Histograms
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
- Ogive
- Measures of Dispersion
- Probability
- Vectors
- Reflection
- Rotation
- Translation
- Enlargement
Continue solving questions from earlier topics as you move through the later stages.
What Should You Focus on Most for WAEC General Mathematics
You should cover the complete syllabus, but make sure you are particularly confident in:
- Number Bases
- Indices
- Logarithms
- Sequences
- Sets
- Ratio and Proportion
- Percentages
- Financial Arithmetic
- Variation
- Algebraic Expressions
- Factorization
- Linear Equations
- Simultaneous Equations
- Quadratic Equations
- Graphs
- Linear Inequalities
- Mensuration
- Plane Geometry
- Circle Theorems
- Coordinate Geometry
- Trigonometry
- Bearings
- Introductory Calculus
- Statistics
- Probability
- Vectors
- Transformation
For a more focused revision guide, use the WAEC General Mathematics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028.
You can also use the WAEC Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 for All Subjects to access the other subject guides.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is the WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus 2027/2028?
The WAEC General Mathematics syllabus contains the mathematical topics, concepts and problem-solving skills you need to prepare for General Mathematics/Mathematics (Core) in WASSCE.
Is General Mathematics the Same as Mathematics Core?
The syllabus uses the title General Mathematics/Mathematics (Core).
How Many Papers Are in WAEC General Mathematics?
There are two papers:
- Paper 1
- Paper 2
Both papers must be taken.
How Many Questions Are in General Mathematics Paper 1?
Paper 1 contains 50 multiple-choice objective questions.
How Long Is General Mathematics Paper 1?
Paper 1 lasts 1 hour 30 minutes and carries 50 marks.
How Many Questions Are in General Mathematics Paper 2?
Paper 2 contains 13 essay questions divided into Sections A and B.
How Many Questions Do I Answer in Paper 2?
You answer 10 questions altogether:
- All 5 questions in Section A
- 5 questions from Section B
How Long Is WAEC General Mathematics Paper 2?
Paper 2 lasts 2 hours 30 minutes.
Is Algebra Important in WAEC General Mathematics?
Yes.
The syllabus covers:
- Algebraic Expressions,
- Factorization,
- Linear Equations,
- Simultaneous Equations,
- Quadratic Equations,
- Graphs,
- Inequalities,
- Algebraic Fractions and Functions.
Are Number Bases Included?
Yes.
You should study conversion and basic operations involving different number bases.
Is Modular Arithmetic Included?
Yes.
The syllabus covers the concept, operations and everyday applications of Modular Arithmetic.
Are Logarithms Included?
Yes.
You should understand the relationship between indices and logarithms, logarithmic rules and the use of logarithm and antilogarithm tables.
Are Matrices Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes Matrix Order, Matrix Operations, Determinants and application to simultaneous equations.
Is Financial Mathematics Included?
Yes.
The syllabus covers percentages, interest, commission, discount, depreciation, hire purchase, annuities, shares, stocks, bonds and debentures.
Are Quadratic Equations Important?
Yes.
You should be able to solve quadratic equations through Factorization, Completing the Square and the Quadratic Formula, as well as form equations from given roots.
Does WAEC General Mathematics Include Graphs?
Yes.
The syllabus includes linear and quadratic graphs, trigonometric graphs and statistical graphs.
Is Linear Programming Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes graphical simultaneous inequalities and applications involving maximum and minimum values.
Is Mensuration Included?
Yes.
You should study lengths, perimeters, areas, surface areas and volumes.
Are Circle Theorems Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes chords, angles at the centre and circumference, cyclic quadrilateral properties, tangent-radius relationships and the Alternate Segment Theorem.
Is Construction Included?
Yes.
The syllabus covers construction of angles, bisectors, parallel and perpendicular lines, triangles and quadrilaterals.
Are Loci Included?
Yes.
You should study common two-dimensional loci and their intersections.
Does General Mathematics Include Coordinate Geometry?
Yes.
The syllabus includes midpoint, distance between two points, gradient and equation of a straight line.
Is Trigonometry Important?
Yes.
You should study Sine, Cosine, Tangent, special angles, trigonometric graphs, elevation and depression, and bearings.
Does WAEC General Mathematics Include Calculus?
Yes.
The syllabus contains Introductory Calculus, including differentiation and simple integration.
Is Statistics Included?
Yes.
The syllabus covers frequency distributions, charts, histograms, mean, median, mode, Ogives and measures of dispersion.
Is Standard Deviation Included?
Yes.
Standard Deviation is included under Measures of Dispersion.
Is Probability Included?
Yes.
You should study experimental and theoretical probability, addition and multiplication of probabilities, and questions involving replacement.
Are Vectors Included?
Yes.
The syllabus covers vectors as directed line segments, Cartesian components, magnitudes and vector operations.
Are Transformations Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes:
- Reflection
- Rotation
- Translation
- Enlargement
Can I Use a Calculator in WAEC General Mathematics?
The syllabus allows non-programmable, silent and cordless calculators, subject to the stated restrictions.
Can I Use My Phone Calculator?
No.
The syllabus specifically states that phones with or without calculators are not allowed.
What Mathematical Instruments Should I Bring?
You should bring the mathematical instruments required for the examination, including:
- Ruler
- Pair of Compasses
- Protractor
- Set Squares
Where Can I Download the Complete General Mathematics Syllabus?
Use the download button near the beginning of this article to save the complete WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus PDF to your device.
Where Can I Find the WAEC General Mathematics Areas of Concentration?
Use the WAEC General Mathematics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 guide to organise your revision around the major topics and calculations.
Conclusion
The WAEC General Mathematics Syllabus 2027/2028 gives you a complete guide to the mathematical concepts and problem-solving skills required for General Mathematics/Mathematics (Core).
Your preparation should cover Number and Numeration, Algebraic Processes, Mensuration, Plane Geometry, Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, Introductory Calculus, Statistics, Probability, Vectors and Transformation.
Give regular attention to arithmetic and algebra because they provide the foundation for many other topics. You should also practise graphs, Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry and Statistics rather than simply reading formulas.
General Mathematics becomes easier when you solve questions consistently.
Use the syllabus as your main checklist, study one topic at a time, solve related questions immediately and return to any area where you repeatedly make mistakes.
As the examination approaches, combine topic-by-topic revision with complete timed Paper 1 and Paper 2 practice.
READ ALSO: WAEC General Mathematics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028
READ ALSO: WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects
READ ALSO: WAEC Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 for All Subjects
READ ALSO: WAEC Timetable 2027
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