WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download
By Rabiu Francis ✨ Last Updated: October 16, 2026Download the WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF and see the complete topics on mechanics, heat, waves, fields, electricity, atomic physics, electronics and practical work.
The WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 contains the topics you need to study for the WASSCE Physics examination.
The syllabus is structured around major Physics concepts including matter, space and time, energy, waves, fields, atomic and nuclear physics, and electronics. It also places strong emphasis on experiments, measurements, calculations, graphs and practical problem-solving.
READ: Access 2027 WAEC Questions and Answers in all Subjects – Free Study Guide
ALSO READ: WAEC Specimens 2027
The major areas covered are:
- Interaction of Matter, Space and Time
- Motion
- Forces
- Scalars and Vectors
- Equilibrium
- Simple Harmonic Motion
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Energy
- Work and Power
- Machines
- Heat Energy
- Gas Laws
- Waves
- Light
- Sound
- Electromagnetic Waves
- Gravitational Field
- Electric Field
- Current Electricity
- Magnetic Field
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Alternating Current
- Atomic Physics
- Nuclear Physics
- Electronics
- Physics Practical Work
- Harmonised Short Structured Topics
READ ALSO: WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects
Download WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF
You can download the complete WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF and use it as your main study checklist.
The syllabus contains:
- WAEC Physics Examination Structure
- Measurement
- Matter
- Mass and Weight
- Motion
- Speed and Velocity
- Acceleration
- Scalars and Vectors
- Equilibrium
- Simple Harmonic Motion
- Newton’s Laws
- Energy
- Work
- Power
- Machines
- Heat
- Thermal Expansion
- Gas Laws
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Latent Heat
- Vapour and Humidity
- Waves
- Light
- Mirrors
- Lenses
- Optical Instruments
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Sound
- Gravitational Field
- Electrostatics
- Current Electricity
- Magnetism
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Alternating Current
- Atomic Structure
- Nuclear Physics
- Radioactivity
- Semiconductors
- Fibre Optics
- LASER
- Projectile Motion
- Satellites and Rockets
- Practical Physics
Use the syllabus together with your Physics textbook, laboratory practicals, class notes and WAEC past questions.
Aims of the WAEC Physics Syllabus
The syllabus is designed to help candidates:
- Understand basic principles and applications of Physics.
- Develop scientific skills and attitudes required for further scientific work.
- Understand the usefulness and limitations of scientific methods.
- Develop abilities and skills that encourage efficient and safe practical work.
- Develop scientific attitudes such as accuracy, precision, objectivity, integrity, initiative and inventiveness.
WAEC Physics Assessment Objectives
The examination tests three broad areas:
- Knowledge and Understanding
- Information Handling and Problem-solving
- Experimental and Problem-solving Techniques
Knowledge and Understanding
You should be able to demonstrate knowledge of:
- Scientific Phenomena
- Facts
- Laws
- Definitions
- Concepts
- Theories
- Scientific Vocabulary
- Symbols
- Quantities
- Units
- Scientific Apparatus
- Safety Procedures
- Scientific and Technological Applications
You should also understand the social, economic and environmental implications of Physics applications.
Information Handling and Problem-solving
You should be able to work with information presented in different forms, including:
- Written Information
- Numerical Data
- Graphs
- Diagrams
- Symbols
- Tables
- Visual Information
You may be required to:
- Locate Information
- Select Information
- Organize Data
- Analyse Results
- Identify Patterns
- Draw Conclusions
- Explain Observations
- Make Predictions
Experimental and Problem-solving Techniques
Physics practical work is an important part of the syllabus.
You should be able to:
- Follow Instructions
- Use Apparatus Correctly
- Make Measurements
- Record Observations
- Use Correct Units
- Interpret Experimental Data
- Plan Investigations
- Select Appropriate Apparatus
- Evaluate Experimental Methods
- Suggest Improvements
- State Precautions
WAEC Physics Examination Structure
There are three papers — Papers 1, 2 and 3.
All three papers must be taken.
Papers 1 and 2 form a composite paper and are taken at one sitting.
WAEC Physics Paper 1
Paper 1 contains 50 multiple-choice questions.
You are required to answer all the questions within 1 hour 15 minutes.
The paper carries 50 marks.
WAEC Physics Paper 2
Paper 2 lasts 1 hour 30 minutes and carries 60 marks.
It is divided into:
- Section A
- Section B
Section A
Section A contains seven short-structured questions.
You answer any five.
The section carries 15 marks.
Section B
Section B contains five essay questions.
You answer any three.
The section carries 45 marks.
WAEC Physics Paper 3
Paper 3 is:
- A Practical Test for School Candidates
- An Alternative-to-Practical Paper for Private Candidates
Each version contains three questions, and candidates answer any two.
The paper lasts 2 hours 45 minutes and carries 50 marks.
Important Note on Physics Practical Work
The syllabus specifically states that candidates should be involved in practical activities while covering the topics.
You should therefore not prepare Physics by reading theory alone.
Practise:
- Measurements
- Graphs
- Apparatus
- Experiments
- Calculations
- Precautions
- Interpretation of Results
Part I Interaction of Matter, Space and Time
The first major section covers:
- Matter
- Physical Quantities
- Units
- Position
- Distance
- Displacement
- Mass
- Weight
- Time
- Fluids
- Motion
- Speed
- Velocity
- Acceleration
- Scalars
- Vectors
- Equilibrium
- Simple Harmonic Motion
- Newton’s Laws
Concepts of Matter
You should understand the basic structure of matter.
The syllabus includes the three physical states:
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Particle Nature of Matter
Study evidence supporting the particle nature of matter.
The syllabus specifically mentions:
- Brownian Motion
- Kinetic Theory of Matter
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Use the kinetic theory to understand:
- Solids
- Liquids
- Gases
- Gas Pressure
- Evaporation
- Boiling
- Cohesion
- Adhesion
- Capillarity
Crystalline and Amorphous Substances
Study the differences between:
- Crystalline Substances
- Amorphous Substances
The syllabus also includes basic arrangements of atoms in crystalline structures.
Fundamental Quantities and Units
The fundamental quantities listed include:
- Length
- Mass
- Time
- Electric Current
- Luminous Intensity
- Thermodynamic Temperature
- Amount of Substance
Their SI units include:
- metre
- kilogram
- second
- ampere
- candela
- kelvin
- mole
Derived Quantities and Units
Examples include:
- Volume
- Density
- Speed
You should be able to distinguish fundamental quantities from derived quantities.
Position
Understand position as the location of an object or point in space.
The syllabus refers to the use of:
- X-axis
- Y-axis
- Z-axis
Distance and Displacement
Study:
- Meaning of Distance
- Meaning of Displacement
- Differences Between Them
Measurement of Distance
The syllabus includes the use of:
- String
- Metre Rule
- Vernier Calipers
- Micrometer Screw Gauge
Know how to use these instruments and understand their degree of accuracy.
Direction and Bearing
Prepare:
- Direction
- Bearing
- Compass
- Protractor
- Graphical Location
Mass and Weight
Understand the difference between:
- Mass
- Weight
The syllabus includes:
- Lever Balance
- Beam Balance
- Electronic/Digital Balance
- Spring Balance
Units of Mass and Weight
Mass is measured in:
kilogram (kg)
Weight is measured in:
newton (N)
Time
Study:
- Concept of Time
- Measurement of Time
Examples of timing devices in the syllabus include:
- Heartbeat
- Sand Clock
- Ticker Timer
- Pendulum
- Stopwatch
- Clock
Fluids at Rest
This topic covers:
- Volume
- Density
- Relative Density
- Pressure in Fluids
- Equilibrium of Bodies
- Archimedes’ Principle
- Law of Flotation
Density and Relative Density
You should be able to determine density and relative density experimentally for:
- Solids
- Liquids
Pressure in Fluids
Study:
- Meaning of Pressure
- Pascal’s Principle
- Pressure With Depth
- Atmospheric Pressure
Applications of Pascal’s Principle
Examples given include:
- Hydraulic Press
- Car Brakes
Atmospheric Pressure
The syllabus includes apparatus such as:
- Barometer
- Manometer
- Siphon
- Syringe
- Pump
Archimedes’ Principle
Study:
- Meaning
- Conditions
- Applications
- Experimental Determination of Relative Density
Law of Flotation
Understand the conditions required for a body to float.
Applications include:
- Hydrometers
- Balloons
- Boats
- Ships
- Submarines
Motion
The syllabus lists several types of motion:
- Random
- Rectilinear
- Translational
- Rotational
- Circular
- Orbital
- Spin
- Oscillatory
Relative Motion
Understand how the motion of one body may be described relative to another.
Force as a Cause of Motion
Study the relationship between force and motion.
Types of Force
The syllabus divides forces into:
Contact Forces
Forces requiring physical contact.
Non-contact or Field Forces
Examples include:
- Electric Force
- Magnetic Force
- Gravitational Force
Friction
Study:
- Static Friction
- Dynamic Friction
- Limiting Friction
- Coefficient of Friction
- Advantages of Friction
- Disadvantages of Friction
- Methods of Reducing Friction
Advantages of Friction
Examples include:
- Locomotion
- Friction Belts
- Grindstones
Disadvantages of Friction
These include:
- Reduced Efficiency
- Wear and Tear
Reducing Friction
Methods listed include:
- Ball Bearings
- Rollers
- Streamlining
- Lubrication
Viscosity
Study viscosity as friction in fluids.
The syllabus includes:
- Definition
- Effects
- Lubrication
- Terminal Velocity
Circular Motion
Understand basic ideas of circular motion.
The syllabus expects candidates to distinguish between:
- Angular Speed
- Angular Velocity
and understand centripetal force qualitatively.
Banking of Roads
Study how banking helps reduce sideways friction when vehicles move around bends.
Speed and Velocity
Understand:
- Speed
- Velocity
- Uniform Speed
- Non-uniform Speed
- Uniform Velocity
- Non-uniform Velocity
Distance-Time and Displacement-Time Graphs
You should be able to interpret these graphs and obtain relevant information.
Acceleration
Study:
- Acceleration
- Deceleration
- Uniform Acceleration
- Non-uniform Acceleration
Velocity-Time Graph
You should be able to use a velocity-time graph to determine:
- Acceleration
- Displacement
Equations of Motion
Study the equations of motion for constant acceleration and apply them to numerical problems.
Motion under gravity is treated as a special case.
Scalars and Vectors
Scalars
Physical quantities having magnitude but no direction.
Examples in the syllabus include:
- Mass
- Distance
- Speed
- Time
Vectors
Physical quantities having both magnitude and direction.
Examples include:
- Weight
- Displacement
- Velocity
- Acceleration
Vector Representation
Study:
- Representation of Vectors
- Addition of Vectors
- Resolution of Vectors
- Resultant Velocity
Equilibrium of Forces
This section covers:
- Principle of Moments
- Conditions for Equilibrium
- Parallel Forces
- Non-parallel Forces
- Centre of Gravity
- Stability
Principle of Moments
Understand:
- Moment of a Force
- Torque
- Couples
Examples mentioned include:
- Turning a Water Tap
- Corkscrew
- Steering Wheel
Parallelogram and Triangle of Forces
Study:
- Parallelogram of Forces
- Triangle of Forces
- Resultant
- Equilibrant
Centre of Gravity and Stability
Prepare:
- Stable Equilibrium
- Unstable Equilibrium
- Neutral Equilibrium
Simple Harmonic Motion
Study:
- Meaning
- Examples
- Speed
- Acceleration
- Period
- Frequency
- Amplitude
- Energy
- Forced Vibration
- Resonance
Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion
The syllabus mentions:
- Loaded Test Tube Oscillating in Liquid
- Simple Pendulum
- Spiral Spring
- Bifilar Suspension
Acceleration Due to Gravity
The syllabus includes experimental determination of g using:
- Simple Pendulum
- Helical Spring
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Prepare all three laws.
Newton’s First Law
Study:
- Inertia of Rest
- Inertia of Motion
Newton’s Second Law
Prepare:
- Force
- Acceleration
- Momentum
- Impulse
Conservation of Momentum
Study linear momentum and its conservation.
Applications include:
- Recoil of a Gun
- Jet Propulsion
- Rocket Propulsion
Newton’s Third Law
Understand:
Action and Reaction
and be able to identify examples.
Part II Energy Mechanical and Heat
This section covers:
- Energy
- Work
- Power
- Machines
- Temperature
- Thermal Expansion
- Heat Transfer
- Gas Laws
- Heat Capacity
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Latent Heat
- Evaporation
- Vapour Pressure
- Humidity
Forms of Energy
Examples include:
- Mechanical Energy
- Heat Energy
- Chemical Energy
- Electrical Energy
- Light Energy
- Sound Energy
- Nuclear Energy
World Energy Resources
Study the distinction between:
- Renewable Energy Resources
- Non-renewable Energy Resources
and the examples given in your syllabus.
Conservation of Energy
Know the principle of conservation of energy and its application to energy transformation.
Work
Understand work as a measure of energy transfer.
The SI unit is:
joule (J)
Energy
Understand energy as the capability to do work.
Mechanical Energy
The major types are:
- Potential Energy
- Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Study gravitational potential energy and its application.
Kinetic Energy
Understand the energy possessed by a moving body.
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
You should be able to explain and verify the conservation of mechanical energy.
Power
Power is the rate of doing work.
The SI unit is:
watt (W)
Simple Machines
The syllabus includes:
- Levers
- Pulleys
- Inclined Plane
- Wedge
- Screw
- Wheel and Axle
- Gears
Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency
Study:
- Force Ratio
- Mechanical Advantage
- Velocity Ratio
- Efficiency
Friction in Machines
Understand how friction affects the efficiency of machines and how it can be reduced.
Heat Energy
Heat topics include:
- Temperature
- Measurement of Temperature
- Effects of Heat
- Thermal Expansion
- Heat Transfer
- Gas Laws
- Heat Capacity
- Latent Heat
- Evaporation
- Vapour Pressure
- Humidity
Temperature
Understand temperature as the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.
Thermometers
The syllabus includes:
- Constant-volume Gas Thermometer
- Resistance Thermometer
- Thermocouple
- Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
- Maximum and Minimum Thermometer
- Clinical Thermometer
It also mentions the pyrometer.
Temperature Scales
Study:
- Celsius Scale
- Absolute or Kelvin Scale
Effects of Heat on Matter
The syllabus includes:
- Rise in Temperature
- Change of State
- Expansion
- Change of Resistance
- Change of Colour
- Thermionic Emission
- Change in Chemical Properties
Thermal Expansion
Prepare:
- Linear Expansion
- Area Expansion
- Volume Expansion
Applications of Thermal Expansion
Examples include:
- Buildings
- Bridges
- Bimetallic Strips
- Thermostats
- Overhead Cables
- Railway Lines
Expansion of Liquids
Study:
- Real Expansion
- Apparent Expansion
- Anomalous Expansion of Water
Heat Transfer
The three major modes are:
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
Applications of Heat Transfer
The syllabus includes:
- Land Breeze
- Sea Breeze
- Ventilation
- Cooling Devices
- Vacuum Flask
Gas Laws
Study:
- Boyle’s Law
- Charles’ Law
- Pressure Law
- General Gas Law
You should understand their experimental verification and application.
Heat Capacity
Study the concept of heat capacity.
Specific Heat Capacity
Prepare:
- Meaning
- Determination
- Units
- Applications
The syllabus includes experimental determination for solids and liquids.
Latent Heat
Study:
- Meaning of Latent Heat
- Melting Point
- Boiling Point
- Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
- Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization
Factors Affecting Melting and Boiling Points
Study the effects of:
- Impurities
- Pressure
Applications of Latent Heat
Examples include:
- Pressure Cookers
- Refrigerators
- Air Conditioners
Evaporation and Boiling
Study the effects of:
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Surface Area
- Draught
on evaporation.
Vapour and Vapour Pressure
Prepare:
- Vapour
- Vapour Pressure
- Saturated Vapour Pressure
- Relationship With Boiling
Humidity
Study:
- Humidity
- Relative Humidity
- Dew Point
- Wet and Dry Bulb Hygrometer
Humidity and Weather
The syllabus includes the formation of:
- Dew
- Fog
- Rain
Part III Waves
The Waves section covers:
- Production and Propagation of Waves
- Types of Waves
- Properties of Waves
- Light
- Electromagnetic Waves
- Sound
Production and Propagation of Waves
Study mechanical wave production using examples such as:
- Ropes
- Springs
- Ripple Tank
Important Wave Quantities
Prepare:
- Amplitude
- Wavelength
- Frequency
- Period
- Wave Speed
The relationship:
v = fλ
is included in the syllabus.
Types of Waves
Study:
- Transverse Waves
- Longitudinal Waves
Mathematical Representation of Wave Motion
The syllabus introduces mathematical representation of wave motion but states that questions on phase difference will not be set.
Properties of Waves
Study:
- Reflection
- Refraction
- Diffraction
- Interference
- Superposition
- Standing or Stationary Waves
Ripple Tank
The ripple tank is particularly important for demonstrating wave behaviour.
Light Waves
Study:
- Sources of Light
- Rectilinear Propagation
- Reflection
- Refraction
- Mirrors
- Lenses
- Optical Instruments
- Dispersion
Sources of Light
Distinguish:
- Natural Sources
- Artificial Sources
- Luminous Bodies
- Non-luminous Bodies
Rectilinear Propagation of Light
Study:
- Shadows
- Eclipses
- Pinhole Camera
Reflection at Plane Surfaces
Prepare:
- Laws of Reflection
- Regular Reflection
- Irregular Reflection
- Formation of Images
- Plane Mirrors
Applications of Plane Mirrors
Examples include:
- Periscope
- Sextant
- Kaleidoscope
Curved Mirrors
Study:
- Concave Mirrors
- Convex Mirrors
- Image Formation
- Focal Length
- Magnification
Applications include:
- Searchlights
- Driving Mirrors
- Car Headlamps
Refraction
Study the laws of refraction and applications involving:
- Rectangular Glass Block
- Triangular Prism
Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Prepare:
- Critical Angle
- Total Internal Reflection
- Lateral Displacement
- Angle of Deviation
Applications of Total Internal Reflection
Examples include:
- Periscope
- Prism Binoculars
- Optical Fibres
- Mirage
Lenses
Study:
- Converging Lenses
- Diverging Lenses
- Image Formation
- Focal Length
- Magnification
- Power of a Lens
Optical Instruments
The syllabus includes:
- Simple Camera
- Human Eye
- Film Projector
- Simple Microscope
- Compound Microscope
- Terrestrial Telescope
- Astronomical Telescope
- Prism Binoculars
Human Eye
Study:
- Structure
- Function
- Defects
- Correction of Defects
The syllabus also expects comparison between the eye and a camera.
Dispersion of White Light
Study:
- Production of Spectrum
- Recombination of Spectrum
- Colours of Objects
- Mixing of Coloured Lights
Electromagnetic Waves
Study the electromagnetic spectrum.
The syllabus lists:
- Radio Waves
- Infrared
- Visible Light
- Ultraviolet
- X-rays
- Gamma Rays
Understand their basic characteristics and uses.
Sound Waves
Study:
- Sources of Sound
- Transmission
- Speed
- Echo
- Reverberation
- Noise
- Music
- Pitch
- Loudness
- Quality
- Vibrating Strings
- Resonance
- Pipes
Transmission of Sound
Understand why sound requires a material medium.
Speed of Sound
Study sound transmission through:
- Solids
- Liquids
- Air
Echoes
Applications include:
- Mineral Exploration
- Determination of Ocean Depth
Reverberation
Understand multiple reflection of sound in large spaces.
Characteristics of Sound
Prepare:
- Pitch
- Loudness
- Quality
Vibration in Strings
Study the relationship between frequency and:
- Length
- Tension
- Mass Per Unit Length
Applications include:
- Guitar
- Piano
- Harp
- Violin
Forced Vibration and Resonance
Understand:
- Forced Vibration
- Resonance
- Harmonics
- Overtones
Vibration of Air in Pipes
Study:
- Open Pipes
- Closed Pipes
- Resonance Tube
Applications include:
- Organ
- Flute
- Trumpet
- Horn
- Clarinet
- Saxophone
Part IV Fields
The Fields section covers:
- Gravitational Field
- Electric Field
- Magnetic Field
- Electromagnetic Field
- Alternating Current
Concept of a Field
Study the meaning and properties of:
- Gravitational Field
- Electric Field
- Magnetic Field
Gravitational Field
Prepare:
- Acceleration Due to Gravity
- Gravitational Field Intensity
- Newton’s Law of Gravitation
- Gravitational Potential
- Escape Velocity
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
Understand gravitational attraction between masses.
Escape Velocity
Study the concept and simple calculations involving escape velocity.
Electric Field
The Electric Field section covers:
- Electrostatics
- Current Electricity
Electrostatics
Study:
- Production of Electric Charge
- Distribution of Charge
- Storage of Charge
- Electric Lines of Force
- Coulomb’s Law
- Electric Field
- Electric Potential
- Capacitance
Production of Electric Charge
The syllabus includes:
- Friction
- Induction
- Contact
Electroscope
Understand the use of a simple electroscope to:
- Detect Charge
- Compare Charges
Coulomb’s Law
Study the electric force between point charges.
Electric Field and Potential
Prepare:
- Electric Field
- Electric Field Intensity
- Electric Potential
Capacitance
Study:
- Definition
- Parallel-plate Capacitor
- Capacitors in Series
- Capacitors in Parallel
- Energy Stored
- Applications
Current Electricity
Study:
- Cells
- Potential Difference
- Current
- Electric Circuits
- Conduction
- Electrical Energy
- Electrical Power
- Resistivity
- Conductivity
- Electrical Measurements
Primary and Secondary Cells
Examples in the syllabus include:
- Simple Cell
- Daniell Cell
- Leclanché Cell
- Lead-acid Accumulator
Electromotive Force
Study:
- E.m.f.
- Potential Difference
- Current
- Resistance
Ohm’s Law
Understand and verify Ohm’s law experimentally.
Series and Parallel Circuits
Prepare combinations of:
- Cells
- Resistors
Internal Resistance
Study:
- Lost Volts
- Internal Resistance of a Cell
Ohmic and Non-ohmic Conductors
The syllabus identifies:
- Metals as examples of ohmic conductors
- Semiconductors as examples of non-ohmic conductors
Electrical Energy and Power
Study:
- Heating Effect of Current
- Electrical Energy
- Electrical Power
- Electric Motors
- Solar Cells
- Solar Heaters
Shunt and Multiplier
Understand their use in converting a galvanometer into:
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
Resistivity and Conductivity
Study factors affecting electrical resistance.
Electrical Measuring Instruments
Prepare the principles and use of:
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Potentiometer
- Wheatstone Bridge
- Metre Bridge
Magnetic Field
Study:
- Magnets
- Magnetic Materials
- Magnetization
- Demagnetization
- Magnetic Field
- Magnetic Flux
- Magnetic Flux Density
- Force on a Current-carrying Conductor
- Electromagnets
- Earth’s Magnetic Field
- Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Materials
Examples include:
- Soft Iron
- Steel
- Alloys
Understand:
- Temporary Magnets
- Permanent Magnets
Magnetic Field Patterns
Study magnetic fields around:
- Permanent Magnets
- Current-carrying Conductors
- Solenoids
Electromagnets
Applications include:
- Electric Bell
- Telephone Earpiece
Earth’s Magnetic Field
Study:
- Mariner’s Compass
- Angle of Dip
- Angle of Declination
Force on Current-carrying Conductors
Understand applications including:
- Electric Motor
- Moving-coil Galvanometer
Fleming’s Left-hand Rule
Use it to determine the directions of:
- Current
- Magnetic Field
- Force
Electromagnetic Induction
Study:
- Faraday’s Law
- Lenz’s Law
- Motor-generator Effect
Applications of Electromagnetic Induction
Examples include:
- DC Generator
- AC Generator
- Induction Coil
- Transformer
Inductance
Study:
- Self-inductance
- Mutual Inductance
Eddy Currents
Prepare:
- Meaning
- Reduction of Eddy Current Losses
- Applications
Examples include:
- Induction Furnace
- Speedometer
Power Transmission and Distribution
Study:
- High-tension Transmission
- Reduction of Power Loss
- Household Wiring
Alternating Current
Study:
- Graphical Representation of AC
- Peak Values
- RMS Values
- Resistance
- Inductance
- Capacitance
- Reactance
- Impedance
- Vector Diagrams
- Resonance
- Power
AC Circuit Elements
Understand the phase relationship between voltage and current in:
- Resistor
- Inductor
- Capacitor
Resonance in AC Circuits
Applications include tuning circuits in:
- Radio
- Television
Part V Atomic and Nuclear Physics
This section covers:
- Atomic Structure
- Energy Quantization
- Photoelectric Effect
- Thermionic Emission
- X-rays
- Nuclear Structure
- Radioactivity
- Nuclear Reactions
- Wave-particle Duality
Models of the Atom
The syllabus includes:
- Thomson Model
- Rutherford Model
- Bohr Model
- Electron-cloud or Wave-mechanical Model
You should understand the basic ideas and limitations of each model.
Energy Quantization
Study:
- Energy Levels
- Atomic Spectra
- Emission Spectra
- Absorption Spectra
The syllabus also mentions the Franck-Hertz experiment.
Photoelectric Effect
Prepare:
- Photoelectric Effect
- Dual Nature of Light
- Work Function
- Threshold Frequency
- Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation
- Applications
Thermionic Emission
Study the explanation and applications of thermionic emission.
X-rays
Prepare:
- Production
- X-ray Tube
- Types
- Characteristics
- Properties
- Uses
- Hazards
- Safety Precautions
Structure of the Nucleus
Study:
- Protons
- Neutrons
- Nucleon Number
- Proton Number
- Neutron Number
- Nuclides
- Isotopes
Radioactivity
Study:
- Natural Radioactivity
- Artificial Radioactivity
- Radioactive Emissions
- Detection of Radiation
- Radioactive Decay
- Half-life
- Decay Constant
Applications of Radioactivity
Applications include:
- Agriculture
- Medicine
- Industry
- Archaeology
Nuclear Reactions
Study:
- Nuclear Fusion
- Nuclear Fission
- Binding Energy
- Mass Defect
- Nuclear Reactors
- Radiation Hazards
- Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
Wave-particle Paradox
Study:
- Electron Diffraction
- Duality of Matter
- Dual Nature of Light
Harmonised Topics for Short Structured Questions
The syllabus contains a separate list of harmonised topics for short-structured questions for all member countries.
These deserve special attention.
They include:
- Derived Quantities and Dimensional Analysis
- Projectile Motion
- Satellites and Rockets
- Elastic Properties of Solids
- Thermal Conductivity
- Solar Energy Collector
- Blackbody Radiation
- Fibre Optics
- LASER
- Magnetic Materials
- Electrical Conduction Through Materials
- Structure of Matter
- Wave-particle Paradox
Derived Quantities and Dimensional Analysis
Study:
- Fundamental Quantities
- Derived Quantities
- Dimensions
- Dimensional Correctness
- Derivation of Relationships
- Derivation of Units
Projectile Motion
Study a projectile as an object projected into space.
Applications mentioned include:
- Warfare
- Sports
The syllabus indicates that simple problems may involve:
- Range
- Maximum Height
- Time of Flight
Satellites and Rockets
Prepare:
- Meaning of Satellite
- Natural Satellites
- Artificial Satellites
- Parking Orbits
- Geostationary Satellites
- Period of Revolution
- Speed
- Uses of Satellites
- Uses of Rockets
Elastic Properties of Solids
Study:
- Elastic Behaviour
- Load-extension Graph
- Hooke’s Law
- Young’s Modulus
- Work Done in Springs and Strings
Thermal Conductivity
The harmonised topics include:
- Thermal Conductivity
- Solar Energy Collector
- Blackbody Radiation
Solar Energy Collector
Study the use of solar energy for heat-energy supply.
Blackbody Radiation
Understand:
- Meaning of Blackbody
- Variation of Radiation Intensity With Wavelength
- Effect of Temperature
Fibre Optics
Study:
- Meaning
- Principle of Transmission
- Total Internal Reflection
- Applications
Applications listed include:
- Local Area Networks
- Medicine
- Sensing Devices
- Carrying Laser Beams
LASER
Study:
- Meaning of LASER
- Types of LASER
- Applications
- Dangers
The syllabus lists types including:
- Solid-state
- Gas
- Liquid
- Semiconductor
Applications of LASER
Examples include:
- Scientific Research
- Communication
- Medicine
- Military Technology
- Holograms
Magnetic Materials
Study the uses of:
- Magnets
- Ferromagnetic Materials
Electrical Conduction Through Materials
This section introduces basic electronics.
Study the distinction among:
- Conductors
- Semiconductors
- Insulators
using band theory.
Semiconductor Materials
The syllabus mentions:
- Silicon
- Germanium
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Understand the meaning and charge carriers in intrinsic semiconductors.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Study:
- Doping
- P-type Semiconductor
- N-type Semiconductor
Junction Diode
Prepare:
- Forward Bias
- Reverse Bias
- Voltage Characteristics
- Uses
Rectification
Study:
- Half-wave Rectification
- Full-wave Rectification
Structure of Matter
The harmonised section also includes the use of kinetic theory to explain diffusion.
Wave-particle Duality
Prepare:
- Electron Diffraction
- Duality of Matter
- Dual Nature of Light
Recommended Order for Studying WAEC Physics
Stage 1 Measurement and Mechanics
Begin with:
- Matter
- Quantities and Units
- Measurement
- Mass and Weight
- Fluids
- Motion
- Speed
- Velocity
- Acceleration
- Scalars and Vectors
- Equilibrium
- Newton’s Laws
Stage 2 Energy and Heat
Study:
- Work
- Energy
- Power
- Machines
- Temperature
- Expansion
- Heat Transfer
- Gas Laws
- Specific Heat Capacity
- Latent Heat
- Humidity
Stage 3 Waves
Prepare:
- Wave Motion
- Wave Properties
- Reflection
- Refraction
- Light
- Mirrors
- Lenses
- Optical Instruments
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Sound
Stage 4 Fields and Electricity
Study:
- Gravitational Field
- Electrostatics
- Current Electricity
- Electrical Measurements
- Magnetism
- Electromagnetic Induction
- AC Circuits
Stage 5 Modern Physics
Prepare:
- Atomic Models
- Energy Quantization
- Photoelectric Effect
- Thermionic Emission
- X-rays
- Nuclear Structure
- Radioactivity
- Fusion and Fission
- Wave-particle Duality
Stage 6 Harmonised Topics
Finish with:
- Dimensional Analysis
- Projectile Motion
- Satellites
- Elasticity
- Fibre Optics
- LASER
- Semiconductor Physics
- Diodes
- Rectification
Continue practising practical experiments and calculations throughout all the stages.
How to Use the WAEC Physics Syllabus
Start With the Complete Syllabus
Use the syllabus as your main checklist.
READ ALSO: WAEC Chemistry Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download
Learn the Concept Before the Formula
Do not begin every Physics topic by memorising equations.
First understand:
- What the quantity means
- What causes the effect
- What the variables represent
- What the unit means
Then learn how the equation is applied.
Practise Calculations
Physics contains many numerical problems.
Regularly practise topics such as:
- Motion
- Density
- Moments
- Energy
- Machines
- Heat
- Waves
- Mirrors and Lenses
- Electricity
- Gravitation
- AC Circuits
- Atomic Physics
Learn SI Units
The syllabus specifically states that examination questions will be set in SI units, although multiples and submultiples may also be used.
Always include correct units in your answers.
Practise Graphs
You should be comfortable plotting and interpreting graphs such as:
- Distance-Time Graph
- Displacement-Time Graph
- Velocity-Time Graph
- Load-Extension Graph
- Experimental Graphs
Practise Physics Experiments
For each experiment, learn:
Aim → Apparatus → Procedure → Observation → Graph → Calculation → Precautions
Learn Measuring Instruments
Practise using:
- Metre Rule
- Vernier Calipers
- Micrometer Screw Gauge
- Stopwatch
- Spring Balance
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Potentiometer
- Thermometer
Pay Attention to Experimental Precautions
The syllabus specifically tests your ability to state precautions needed to obtain accurate experimental results.
Do not memorise one general precaution for every experiment.
Learn precautions appropriate to the actual apparatus and measurement.
Answer WAEC Past Questions
After completing each major topic, answer past questions on it.
Practise:
- Objective Questions
- Short Structured Questions
- Essay Questions
- Calculations
- Practical Questions
What Should You Focus on Most for WAEC Physics?
You should study the entire syllabus, but make sure you are particularly confident in:
- Measurements
- Units
- Motion
- Speed and Velocity
- Acceleration
- Vectors
- Moments
- Equilibrium
- Newton’s Laws
- Work
- Energy
- Power
- Machines
- Heat
- Gas Laws
- Waves
- Light
- Mirrors
- Lenses
- Sound
- Gravitation
- Electrostatics
- Current Electricity
- Ohm’s Law
- Resistance
- Magnetism
- Electromagnetic Induction
- AC Circuits
- Atomic Structure
- Radioactivity
- Projectile Motion
- Satellites
- Dimensional Analysis
- Fibre Optics
- LASER
- Semiconductors
- Diodes
- Physics Practical
For a more focused revision guide, use the WAEC Physics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is the WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028?
It is the guide showing the Physics topics, concepts and practical skills candidates need to prepare for WASSCE.
How Many Papers Are in WAEC Physics?
There are three papers — Papers 1, 2 and 3.
How Many Questions Are in WAEC Physics Paper 1?
Paper 1 contains 50 multiple-choice questions.
How Long Is Physics Paper 1?
Paper 1 lasts 1 hour 15 minutes and carries 50 marks.
How Long Is Physics Paper 2?
Paper 2 lasts 1 hour 30 minutes and carries 60 marks.
How Is Physics Paper 2 Divided?
It contains:
- Section A — Short Structured Questions
- Section B — Essay Questions
How Many Questions Do I Answer in Physics Paper 2 Section A?
There are seven questions, and you answer any five.
How Many Questions Do I Answer in Section B?
There are five essay questions, and you answer any three.
Is There a Physics Practical Paper?
Yes.
Paper 3 is a practical examination for school candidates and an alternative-to-practical paper for private candidates.
How Long Is WAEC Physics Practical?
Paper 3 lasts 2 hours 45 minutes and carries 50 marks.
How Many Physics Practical Questions Do I Answer?
The paper contains three questions, and you answer any two.
Is Measurement Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes instruments such as:
- Metre Rule
- Vernier Calipers
- Micrometer Screw Gauge
Is Motion Included?
Yes.
Study speed, velocity, acceleration, equations of motion and graphs.
Are Scalars and Vectors Included?
Yes.
You should understand vector representation, addition and resolution.
Is Simple Harmonic Motion Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes period, frequency, amplitude, energy, forced vibration and resonance.
Are Newton’s Laws Included?
Yes.
All three Newton’s laws of motion are included.
Is Heat Included?
Yes.
Study temperature, expansion, heat transfer, gas laws, specific heat capacity, latent heat, evaporation and humidity.
Are Waves Included?
Yes.
Prepare wave production, propagation, properties, light and sound.
Are Mirrors and Lenses Included?
Yes.
Study plane mirrors, curved mirrors, converging lenses, diverging lenses and optical instruments.
Is the Electromagnetic Spectrum Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
Is Sound Included?
Yes.
Study transmission, speed, echoes, resonance, strings and air columns.
Is Electricity Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes electrostatics, current electricity, cells, resistance, electrical energy and electrical measurements.
Is Magnetism Included?
Yes.
Study magnetic materials, magnetic fields, electromagnets and forces involving currents and charges.
Is Electromagnetic Induction Included?
Yes.
Prepare Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, generators and transformers.
Is Alternating Current Included?
Yes.
Study AC graphs, RMS values, reactance, impedance, resonance and power.
Is Atomic Physics Included?
Yes.
Study atomic models, energy quantization, photoelectric effect, thermionic emission and X-rays.
Is Radioactivity Included?
Yes.
Prepare radioactive emissions, detection, decay, half-life and applications.
Are Nuclear Fusion and Fission Included?
Yes.
Both are included under nuclear reactions.
Is Projectile Motion Included?
Yes.
Projectile motion appears in the harmonised short-structured topics.
Are Satellites and Rockets Included?
Yes.
Study natural and artificial satellites, geostationary satellites and uses of rockets.
Is Dimensional Analysis Included?
Yes.
The harmonised topics include dimensions, dimensional correctness and deriving relationships between physical quantities.
Is Fibre Optics Included?
Yes.
Study the principle of light transmission through optical fibres and their applications.
Is LASER Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes meaning, types, applications and dangers of LASER.
Are Semiconductors Included?
Yes.
Study:
- Conductors
- Semiconductors
- Insulators
- Silicon
- Germanium
- Intrinsic Semiconductors
- P-type Semiconductors
- N-type Semiconductors
- Junction Diodes
Is Rectification Included?
Yes.
The syllabus includes:
- Half-wave Rectification
- Full-wave Rectification
Where Can I Download the Complete WAEC Physics Syllabus?
Use the download section near the beginning of this article to save the complete PDF.
Where Can I Find the WAEC Physics Areas of Concentration?
Use the WAEC Physics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 page.
Where Can I Find Syllabuses for Other WAEC Subjects?
Use the WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects page.
Conclusion
The WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 covers the major areas of classical and modern Physics together with practical laboratory work.
Start with measurement, matter and mechanics. Make sure you understand motion, vectors, equilibrium, simple harmonic motion and Newton’s laws.
You should then prepare energy, machines, temperature, thermal expansion, gas laws, specific heat capacity and latent heat.
For Waves, concentrate on wave properties, light, mirrors, lenses, optical instruments, the electromagnetic spectrum and sound.
The Fields section covers gravitation, electrostatics, current electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction and alternating current.
Modern Physics includes atomic models, energy quantization, the photoelectric effect, X-rays, nuclear structure, radioactivity, nuclear reactions and wave-particle duality.
Do not neglect the harmonised short-structured topics such as dimensional analysis, projectile motion, satellites and rockets, elastic properties, fibre optics, LASER and semiconductor electronics.
Most importantly, combine theory with calculations and experiments. Physics practical work is an essential part of the syllabus, and you should be comfortable using apparatus, plotting graphs, interpreting results and stating appropriate experimental precautions.
READ ALSO: WAEC Physics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028
READ ALSO: WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects
READ ALSO: WAEC Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 for All Subjects
READ ALSO: WAEC Timetable 2027
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