WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download

Download the WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF with complete topics, Grammar, Translation, Composition, Literature, Oral Arabic and selected texts for 2026–2030.

The WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2027/2028 contains the topics and skills you need to prepare for Arabic in the West African Senior School Certificate Examination.

The syllabus covers Comprehension, Translation, Arabic Grammar, Composition, Literature and Oral Arabic. It also contains the WAEC Arabic selected texts for 2026–2030, which apply to candidates sitting the examination in 2027.

READ: Access 2027 WAEC Questions and Answers in all Subjects – Free Study Guide

ALSO READ: WAEC Specimens 2027

If Arabic is one of your registered WAEC subjects, you should use this syllabus as your main preparation checklist. It helps you know the Grammar topics to study, the type of Translation and Composition practice you need, the Literature texts to read and what to prepare for the Oral Test.

Use it together with your Arabic textbooks, class notes, prescribed Literature texts and WAEC past questions.

READ ALSO: WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects

Download WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF

You can download the complete WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF and keep it on your phone, tablet or computer.

The PDF contains:

• Examination objectives
• Paper 1 structure
• Arabic Comprehension
• Arabic-to-English Translation
• English-to-Arabic Translation
• Complete Arabic Grammar topics
• Paper 2 structure
• Arabic Composition
• Arabic Literature
• Selected Arabic texts for 2026–2030
• Paper 3 Oral Test
• Oral Reading
• Free Conversation
• Examination weighting
• Literature references

After downloading the PDF, use it as a checklist and mark each section after you have studied and practised it.

What You Will Study in WAEC Arabic

Your preparation can be divided into six major areas:

1. Comprehension
2. Translation
3. Grammar
4. Composition
5. Literature
6. Oral Arabic

You need to prepare for all six areas because the examination tests different aspects of your ability to understand, write, translate, read and communicate in Arabic.

Grammar is important, but studying Grammar alone is not enough. You also need regular practice in reading passages, Translation, Composition, Literature and spoken Arabic.

WAEC Arabic Examination Structure

The Arabic examination consists of three papers:

• Paper 1 — Comprehension, Translation and Grammar
• Paper 2 — Composition and Literature
• Paper 3 — Oral Test

Each paper assesses a different part of your Arabic-language ability.

WAEC Arabic Paper 1

Paper 1 is an objective paper lasting 50 minutes.

It carries 50 marks and is divided into:

• Comprehension — 15 marks
• Translation — 20 marks
• Grammar — 15 marks

This means Translation carries the largest number of marks within Paper 1.

WAEC Arabic Paper 2

Paper 2 lasts 2 hours and carries 100 marks.

It covers:

• Composition — 40 marks
• Literature — 60 marks

Because Literature and Composition carry a large proportion of the examination marks, you should give both sections serious preparation time.

WAEC Arabic Paper 3

Paper 3 is the Oral Test.

It carries 30 marks and consists of:

• Reading — 20 marks
• Free Conversation — 10 marks

The Oral Test assesses your ability to read Arabic clearly and communicate in the language.

WAEC Arabic Paper 1 Syllabus

Paper 1 covers Comprehension, Translation and Grammar.

Arabic Comprehension

The Comprehension section contains questions based on Arabic passages.

You should develop the ability to read a passage and understand:

• Main ideas
• Supporting information
• Meaning of words in context
• Events
• Relationships between ideas
• Pronoun references
• Important details

The more Arabic passages you read during preparation, the more comfortable this section should become.

How to Prepare for Arabic Comprehension

Read short Arabic passages regularly.

After reading a passage, ask yourself:

• What is the passage mainly about?
• Who or what is being discussed?
• What happened?
• What important information is given?
• What new vocabulary can I learn?
• Can I explain the passage without translating every individual word?

Try to understand the meaning of complete sentences instead of translating word by word.

Arabic Translation

Translation is an important part of Paper 1.

You need to prepare for both:

• Arabic to English
• English to Arabic

You should therefore become comfortable expressing the same idea correctly in both languages.

Arabic-to-English Translation

When translating Arabic into English, concentrate first on understanding the meaning.

Pay attention to:

• Vocabulary
• Tense
• Gender
• Number
• Pronouns
• Sentence structure
• Expressions
• Context

Your final English sentence should communicate the meaning naturally and accurately.

Do not allow the original Arabic word order to make your English translation awkward.

English-to-Arabic Translation

English-to-Arabic Translation requires strong Grammar and vocabulary.

Give particular attention to:

• Verb conjugation
• Masculine and feminine forms
• Singular, dual and plural forms
• Pronouns
• Adjectives
• Prepositions
• Correct Arabic sentence structure
• Spelling

Practise translating everyday sentences involving topics such as school, family, travel, health, education, community activities and daily life.

Complete WAEC Arabic Grammar Syllabus 2027/2028

Grammar affects several parts of the examination.

A good knowledge of Grammar will help you in:

• Paper 1 Grammar questions
• Translation
• Composition
• Literature answers
• Oral expression

The following are the major Grammar areas you should cover.

Parts of Speech

You should understand the major parts of speech in Arabic and their functions.

Study:

• Nouns
• Verbs
• Pronouns
• Particles

You should be able to recognise them when they appear in sentences.

Nouns and Pronouns

Study Arabic nouns and the different forms in which they occur.

Your preparation should include:

• Nouns
• Personal pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns
• Relative pronouns

Practise using them in complete sentences rather than memorising them as isolated words.

Masculine and Feminine Gender

You should understand:

• Masculine forms
• Feminine forms
• Signs of feminine nouns
• Gender agreement

Pay attention to how gender affects:

• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Pronouns
• Demonstratives

Correct agreement is particularly important in Composition and Translation.

Singular Dual and Plural Forms

Study:

• Singular
• Dual
• Sound masculine plural
• Sound feminine plural
• Broken plural

You should be able to recognise and form the appropriate number forms.

Give particular attention to common broken plurals because they may not follow one simple pattern.

Prepositions

Study common Arabic prepositions and understand how they affect the words that follow them.

Practise using prepositions inside complete sentences.

Construct Phrases

You should understand Arabic construct phrases and how relationships between nouns are expressed.

Learn how the nouns behave within the construction and practise forming your own examples.

Adjectives

Study how adjectives agree with the nouns they describe.

Pay attention to agreement in:

• Gender
• Number
• Definiteness
• Grammatical position

Adjective agreement is an important part of writing correct Arabic sentences.

Conjunctions

You should know common Arabic conjunctions and how they connect:

• Words
• Phrases
• Sentences
• Ideas

Using conjunctions correctly can also improve your Composition.

Permutative and Emphatic Expressions

Prepare the grammatical rules governing permutative and emphatic expressions.

You should know how to identify them and understand their relationship with other words in a sentence.

Arabic Verbs

Verbs are one of the most important areas of Arabic Grammar.

You should give consistent attention to verb forms and conjugation.

Perfect Verbs

Study perfect verbs and how they are conjugated according to:

• Person
• Gender
• Number

Practise using the same verb with different pronouns.

Imperfect Verbs

Study:

• Imperfect-verb forms
• Prefixes
• Conjugation
• Grammatical changes

You should also understand the particles that affect imperfect verbs.

Imperative Verbs

Learn how commands are formed and used.

Practise converting appropriate verb forms into the imperative.

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Understand the difference between:

• Transitive verbs
• Intransitive verbs

You should be able to identify whether a verb requires an object.

The Five Verbs

Study:

• Forms of the five verbs
• Conjugation
• Grammatical changes
• Use after relevant particles

Practise them within complete sentences.

Particles Governing the Imperfect Verb

Understand the different particles that affect imperfect verbs.

For each one, learn:

• Its meaning
• Its grammatical effect
• How the verb changes

Arabic Sentence Structure

You should understand the major sentence patterns in Arabic.

Nominal Sentences

Study:

• Meaning of a nominal sentence
• Components
• Subject
• Predicate
• Agreement

Practise constructing your own nominal sentences.

Verbal Sentences

Study:

• Meaning of a verbal sentence
• Verb
• Subject
• Object where applicable
• Word order

You should be able to distinguish a verbal sentence from a nominal sentence.

Kana and Its Associates

Study Kana and its associates carefully.

Understand:

• Their meanings
• Their effect on nominal sentences
• Their grammatical rules
• Correct sentence formation

Inna and Its Associates

You should know:

• Inna and related particles
• Their meanings
• Their effects on words within a sentence

Practise identifying the affected words and their grammatical positions.

Zanna and Its Associates

Study Zanna and its associates.

Understand how they affect sentence construction and the words governed by them.

Other Important Arabic Grammar Topics

Several other topics are included in the syllabus and should not be ignored.

Arabic Numbers

Prepare numbers from one to one thousand.

Study:

• Writing numbers
• Reading numbers
• Number and noun agreement
• Gender
• Correct use in sentences

Do more than memorise counting numbers. Practise using them with nouns.

Active and Passive Voice

Study:

• Active voice
• Passive voice
• Formation of passive verbs
• Changes that take place in sentences

Practise recognising and converting appropriate constructions.

Verbal Noun

Understand the verbal noun and how it relates to the original verb.

Study common patterns where required.

Active and Passive Participles

Prepare:

• Active participle
• Passive participle
• Their formation
• Their uses in sentences

Elative Forms

Study the Arabic forms used to express comparison and superiority where required by the syllabus.

Objects

Understand how objects function in Arabic verbal sentences.

You should be able to identify the object of a transitive verb.

Adverbs

Study Arabic expressions relating to time, place and other applicable adverbial meanings.

Vocative Expressions

Learn how a person or thing is directly addressed in Arabic.

Study the common vocative structures and their grammatical rules.

Diminutive

Understand the meaning and formation of diminutive nouns.

Practise forming them from suitable words.

Nouns of Instrument

Study the forms used for nouns referring to instruments and tools.

Nouns of Place and Time

Prepare the common patterns for:

• Nouns of place
• Nouns of time

Relative Adjectives

Study how relative adjectives are formed and used in Arabic.

WAEC Arabic Paper 2 Syllabus

Paper 2 covers Composition and Literature.

The paper lasts 2 hours and carries 100 marks.

Arabic Composition

Composition carries 40 marks.

You will be given a choice of topics and required to write on one.

Your Composition should be about 120 words.

Possible forms of Composition include:

• Narrative
• Descriptive
• Argumentative
• Dialogue
• Formal letter
• Informal letter

What WAEC Looks for in Arabic Composition

Your Composition should demonstrate:

• Correct Grammar
• Appropriate vocabulary
• Clear organisation
• Relevant ideas
• Correct spelling
• Proper punctuation
• Coherent sentences

Do not write unrelated information simply to increase your word count.

Your answer should remain focused on the topic.

Narrative Composition

For narrative writing, practise telling events in a logical order.

A good narrative should have a clear:

• Beginning
• Development
• Ending

Use appropriate expressions to connect events.

Descriptive Composition

Practise describing:

• People
• Places
• Events
• Objects
• Situations

Build your Arabic descriptive vocabulary so that you can express your ideas without repeating the same words.

Argumentative Composition

Learn how to:

• Introduce your position
• Present points
• Explain your reasons
• Connect ideas
• Reach a clear conclusion

Your argument should remain relevant to the question.

Dialogue Writing

Practise writing conversations using natural Arabic expressions.

Make sure the responses logically follow one another.

Formal Letter

Study the appropriate structure and language used for a formal Arabic letter.

Know how to organise:

• Opening
• Greeting
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion

Informal Letter

Practise writing letters to:

• Friends
• Family members
• Classmates

The tone and expressions used should suit an informal relationship.

WAEC Arabic Literature Syllabus 2027/2028

Literature carries 60 marks in Paper 2 and should receive substantial preparation time.

The prescribed Literature is organised into four main sections:

1. Arabic Literature of West Africa
2. Arabic Literature in the Modern Era
3. Arabic Literature of the Abbasid and Umayyad Era
4. Arabic Literature in the Era of Early Islam and the Islamic Era

The syllabus PDF includes the WAEC Arabic selected texts for 2026–2030, which cover the 2027 examination.

Arabic Literature of West Africa

This section covers selected works by West African writers of Arabic Literature.

Writers and works included in the current selected texts include:

• Abdul Wahhab Danladi Shittu — As-shiirul-Arabiyy An-Nayjiriyy Baynal Māḍī Wal-ḥāḍir
• Aliyu Abdulkadir Al-Asali — Abahtut-Tufūlah
• Isa Alabi Abubakar — selections from Allughatul-Arabiyyatu
• Kamalud-Dini Balogun — Rihlatul Bahthi Anil Insāni
• Mbaye Kebba Kah — Risālatun Ila Shabāb
• Abdullah Bn Fodio — Risālatun-Nasā’ihi
• Mbaye Kebba Kah — Risālah Ilal-Watan
• Zakariyau Oseni — An-Nujumul Mubtasima
• Muhammad Al-Amin Sambou Gasama — Al-Iftikhar Bil Qarati Al-Ifriqiyyah Al-Ariqah

For each prescribed work, know:

• Author
• Correct title
• Prescribed portion
• Content
• Themes
• Important expressions
• Literary style
• Message

Do not memorise only the author and title.

You need to understand the actual work.

Arabic Literature in the Modern Era

The Modern Era section includes prescribed works connected with writers such as:

Mahmud Sami Al-Barudi

Study the prescribed poem and understand its:

• Meaning
• Themes
• Important expressions
• Literary qualities

Ahmad Shawqi

Study the prescribed Atha’lbu wad-Diku, commonly translated as Fox and Cock.

Understand the story or message communicated by the poem and its important literary features.

Mustafa Lutfi Al-Manfaluti

The selected Literature includes:

• Al-Yatimu — Orphan
• Al-Hijab — Veil

Study the content, major ideas, message and important Arabic expressions in the prescribed sections.

Hafiz Ibrahim

Study the prescribed work Al-Lughatul-Arabiyyah Watarbiyatul Banat.

Understand the poem’s major themes and message.

Arabic Literature of the Abbasid and Umayyad Era

This section contains prescribed works connected with writers such as:

• Jarir ibn Atiyyah
• Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf Ath-Thaqafiyy
• Al-Mutanabbi
• Abdullahi ibn Muqaffa’a
• Al-Farazdaq

Jarir Ibn Atiyyah

Study the prescribed poem praising Caliph Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz.

Know the prescribed section and understand its content and important expressions.

Al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf Ath-Thaqafiyy

Study the prescribed sermon.

Understand:

• Context
• Main ideas
• Language
• Style
• Message

Al-Mutanabbi

Study the prescribed poem of admonition and pride.

Pay attention to its themes, meanings and literary style.

Abdullahi Ibn Muqaffa’a

Study the prescribed work concerning friendship.

Understand the ideas and lessons contained in it.

Al-Farazdaq

Study the selected poem praising Imam Zaynul-Abidin.

Know the important lines and themes.

Arabic Literature in the Era of Early Islam and the Islamic Era

This section includes prescribed works connected with:

• Ar-Rasul (SAW)
• Ukthumu Bn Sayfi At-Tamimiyy
• Zuhayru Bn Abi Sulma
• Hassan Bn Thabit
• Aliyyu Bn Abi Talib

Prescribed Sermon of Ar-Rasul SAW

Study the prescribed sermon carefully.

Understand its:

• Meaning
• Context
• Message
• Important Arabic expressions

Ukthumu Bn Sayfi At-Tamimiyy

Study the prescribed sermon at Caesar’s palace.

Know its important ideas and literary qualities.

Zuhayru Bn Abi Sulma

Study the prescribed philosophical poem Al-Mimiyah.

Pay attention to the themes, meaning and message.

Hassan Bn Thabit

Study the prescribed poem and the required portion listed for the examination period.

Aliyyu Bn Abi Talib

Study the prescribed sermon on Jihad with sincerity.

Understand its major ideas and message.

How to Study WAEC Arabic Literature

For every Literature text, prepare notes using the same structure.

Author

Know the correct name of the writer.

Title

Know the correct title of the prescribed work.

Prescribed Portion

Pay attention to the exact section or lines prescribed.

Content

Understand what the passage, poem, story or sermon discusses.

Themes

Identify the major ideas in the work.

Vocabulary

Learn important Arabic words and expressions.

Literary Features

Understand important stylistic and literary devices where applicable.

Message

Be able to explain the lesson or message communicated by the writer.

This method will make Literature revision much easier than reading the texts repeatedly without organised notes.

WAEC Arabic Paper 3 Oral Test

The Oral Test carries 30 marks.

It consists of:

• Reading — 20 marks
• Free Conversation — 10 marks

You should prepare for both parts from the beginning of your revision.

Arabic Oral Reading

You will be expected to read an Arabic passage of about 120 words.

The passage may be based on familiar experiences and topics such as:

• School
• Home
• Market
• Local history
• Culture

How to Prepare for Oral Reading

Practise reading Arabic aloud regularly.

Pay attention to:

• Pronunciation
• Fluency
• Clear articulation
• Appropriate pauses
• Confidence

Reading silently is useful for Comprehension, but it cannot completely replace speaking the words aloud when preparing for Paper 3.

You can record yourself reading and listen again to identify words you pronounce incorrectly.

Arabic Free Conversation

The free-conversation section carries 10 marks.

You are expected to speak for about five minutes on a given topic.

Practise speaking about familiar subjects such as:

• Yourself
• Your family
• Your school
• Your community
• Your hobbies
• Your daily routine
• Education
• Travel
• Future plans
• Important events

Try to form complete Arabic sentences instead of responding with only one or two words.

Regular speaking practice will gradually improve your confidence and fluency.

WAEC Arabic Marks and Weighting

The examination weighting is:

• Paper 1 — 25%
• Paper 2 — 60%
• Paper 3 — 15%

Paper 1 carries 50 marks, Paper 2 carries 100 marks and Paper 3 carries 30 marks.

Paper 2 carries the largest weighting, which makes both Composition and Literature particularly important.

However, you should not neglect Paper 1 or the Oral Test.

A balanced preparation strategy gives you the best chance of performing well across the complete examination.

How to Use the WAEC Arabic Syllabus to Prepare

Download and Keep the Complete PDF

Save the syllabus on your phone or computer and refer to it regularly.

Do not read it once and forget it.

Use it throughout your preparation.

Divide Your Preparation Into Six Areas

Create separate sections for:

• Comprehension
• Translation
• Grammar
• Composition
• Literature
• Oral Arabic

This prevents you from concentrating heavily on one area while neglecting another.

Build Your Grammar Foundation Early

Start with basic Grammar before moving to more complex areas.

A possible order is:

1. Nouns and pronouns
2. Gender
3. Singular, dual and plural
4. Adjectives
5. Prepositions
6. Verbs
7. Verb conjugation
8. Nominal and verbal sentences
9. Kana and its associates
10. Inna and its associates
11. Zanna and its associates
12. Active and passive voice
13. Derived nouns

Continue revising earlier topics while learning new ones.

Build Your Arabic Vocabulary

Keep a vocabulary notebook.

For each useful word, write:

• Arabic word
• Meaning
• Related form where necessary
• Example sentence

Vocabulary will help you in Comprehension, Translation, Composition, Literature and Oral Arabic.

Practise Translation Regularly

Divide your practice between:

Arabic → English

and

English → Arabic

After translating, check your Grammar, vocabulary and spelling.

If your teacher is available, ask them to correct repeated mistakes.

Write Arabic Frequently

Practise writing different Composition types.

Do not prepare for Composition by reading model essays alone.

Write your own answers.

Practise completing a Composition of about 120 words within a reasonable examination time.

Study the Current Literature Texts

Read the selected texts for 2026–2030 carefully.

Prepare notes on:

• Authors
• Titles
• Prescribed portions
• Themes
• Important passages
• Vocabulary
• Literary features

Do not wait until the examination is close before starting Literature.

Practise Oral Arabic

Speak Arabic regularly.

Choose one familiar topic and try to speak about it for five minutes.

You can practise alone, with classmates or with your Arabic teacher.

Use Past Questions

After completing a syllabus topic, practise related past questions.

For example:

After studying verbs, answer Grammar questions involving verbs.

After practising Translation, attempt previous Translation questions.

After studying a Literature text, answer questions based on it.

This is more effective than answering past questions randomly without first understanding the topic.

What Should You Focus on Most for WAEC Arabic

You should prepare the complete syllabus, but make sure you are particularly confident in:

• Comprehension
• Arabic-to-English Translation
• English-to-Arabic Translation
• Nouns and pronouns
• Gender
• Singular, dual and plural
• Arabic verbs
• Verb conjugation
• Nominal sentences
• Verbal sentences
• Kana and its associates
• Inna and its associates
• Zanna and its associates
• Numbers
• Active and passive voice
• Composition
• Formal and informal letters
• Selected Literature texts
• Oral Reading
• Free Conversation

For a more focused revision breakdown, see the WAEC Arabic Areas of Concentration 2027/2028.

You can also find other subjects through the WAEC Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 for All Subjects.

Is Arabic Compulsory in WAEC

Arabic is not compulsory for every WAEC candidate.

You will take Arabic if it is one of the subjects selected during your WAEC registration.

If Arabic is one of your registered subjects, prepare for all three examination papers.

For registration information, see WAEC Registration 2027 Form Fee Deadline and Guidelines.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Is the WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2027/2028?

The WAEC Arabic syllabus contains the topics, skills, Literature texts and examination structure you need to prepare for Arabic in WASSCE.

Where Can I Download the WAEC Arabic Syllabus PDF?

Use the download button near the beginning of this article to save the complete syllabus PDF to your device.

How Many Papers Are in WAEC Arabic?

There are three papers:

• Paper 1
• Paper 2
• Paper 3

Paper 1 covers Comprehension, Translation and Grammar. Paper 2 covers Composition and Literature, while Paper 3 is the Oral Test.

How Long Is WAEC Arabic Paper 1?

Paper 1 lasts 50 minutes.

What Is in WAEC Arabic Paper 1?

Paper 1 covers:

• Comprehension
• Translation
• Grammar

It carries 50 marks.

Does WAEC Arabic Include Translation?

Yes.

You should prepare for both Arabic-to-English and English-to-Arabic Translation.

How Long Is WAEC Arabic Paper 2?

Paper 2 lasts 2 hours.

What Is in WAEC Arabic Paper 2?

Paper 2 contains:

• Composition
• Literature

Composition carries 40 marks while Literature carries 60 marks.

How Many Words Should I Write for WAEC Arabic Composition?

The Composition should be about 120 words.

Does WAEC Arabic Include Letter Writing?

Yes.

You should prepare for both formal and informal letters alongside other Composition types.

Which Arabic Literature Texts Should I Study for WAEC 2027?

You should study the Arabic selected texts for the 2026–2030 examination period contained in the complete syllabus PDF.

Is Oral Arabic Part of WAEC?

Yes.

Paper 3 is the Oral Test.

What Is in the WAEC Arabic Oral Test?

You should prepare for:

• Reading an Arabic passage
• Free Conversation

The reading section carries 20 marks while Free Conversation carries 10 marks.

How Long Is the Arabic Free Conversation?

You should prepare to speak for about five minutes on a given topic.

Should I Study Every Arabic Grammar Topic?

Yes.

Use the complete syllabus to cover all the Grammar areas rather than preparing only a few selected topics.

Where Can I Find the WAEC Arabic Areas of Concentration?

Use the WAEC Arabic Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 guide for a detailed revision breakdown of the important Arabic topics.

Conclusion

The WAEC Arabic Syllabus 2027/2028 gives you a complete roadmap for preparing for the examination.

Your preparation should cover:

• Comprehension
• Translation
• Grammar
• Composition
• Literature
• Oral Arabic

For Grammar, make sure you understand nouns, pronouns, gender, number, verbs, sentence structures, Kana, Inna, Zanna, numbers, active and passive voice and other derived forms.

For Paper 2, practise writing Arabic regularly and study the selected Arabic Literature texts for 2026–2030 carefully.

For Paper 3, practise reading and speaking Arabic aloud rather than preparing only through written work.

Use the syllabus as your main checklist. As you complete each section, practise related questions and continue revising it.

Consistent preparation across all six areas will help you enter the examination with a stronger understanding of what is required.

READ ALSO: WAEC Arabic Areas of Concentration 2027/2028

READ ALSO: WAEC Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 for All Subjects

READ ALSO: WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects

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