--- title: "WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download" url: https://examloaded.com/waec-physics-syllabus-questions/ date: 2026-07-17 modified: 2026-10-16 lang: en author: "Rabiu Francis" description: "Download the WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF and see the complete topics on mechanics, heat, waves, fields, electricity, atomic physics, electronics and practical work. The WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 contains..." categories: - "2027 Official WAEC Exam Insights: Practice Questions, and Syllabus" - "WAEC Syllabus 2027" image: https://examloaded.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/WAEC-Physics-Syllabus-2027-2028-Questions-PDF-Download.webp word_count: 4879 --- # WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download Download the WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF and see the complete topics on mechanics, heat, waves, fields, electricity, atomic physics, electronics and practical work. The **WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028** contains the topics you need to study for the WASSCE Physics examination. [![WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download](https://examloaded.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/WAEC-Physics-Syllabus-2027-2028-Questions-PDF-Download-300x202.webp)](https://examloaded.com/waec-physics-syllabus-questions/waec-physics-syllabus-2027-2028-questions-pdf-download/)WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download The syllabus is structured around major Physics concepts including **matter, space and time, energy, waves, fields, atomic and nuclear physics, and electronics**. It also places strong emphasis on experiments, measurements, calculations, graphs and practical problem-solving. **READ:** [Access 2027 WAEC Questions and Answers in all Subjects – Free Study Guide](/waec-questions-and-answers/) **ALSO READ:** [WAEC Specimens 2027](/waec-specimens-practicals/) The major areas covered are: - Interaction of Matter, Space and Time - Motion - Forces - Scalars and Vectors - Equilibrium - Simple Harmonic Motion - Newton’s Laws of Motion - Energy - Work and Power - Machines - Heat Energy - Gas Laws - Waves - Light - Sound - Electromagnetic Waves - Gravitational Field - Electric Field - Current Electricity - Magnetic Field - Electromagnetic Induction - Alternating Current - Atomic Physics - Nuclear Physics - Electronics - Physics Practical Work - Harmonised Short Structured Topics **READ ALSO:** [WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects](/waec-syllabus-for-all-subjects-pdf-download/) ## Download WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF You can download the complete **WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF** and use it as your main study checklist. The syllabus contains: - WAEC Physics Examination Structure - Measurement - Matter - Mass and Weight - Motion - Speed and Velocity - Acceleration - Scalars and Vectors - Equilibrium - Simple Harmonic Motion - Newton’s Laws - Energy - Work - Power - Machines - Heat - Thermal Expansion - Gas Laws - Specific Heat Capacity - Latent Heat - Vapour and Humidity - Waves - Light - Mirrors - Lenses - Optical Instruments - Electromagnetic Spectrum - Sound - Gravitational Field - Electrostatics - Current Electricity - Magnetism - Electromagnetic Induction - Alternating Current - Atomic Structure - Nuclear Physics - Radioactivity - Semiconductors - Fibre Optics - LASER - Projectile Motion - Satellites and Rockets - Practical Physics [**DOWNLOAD WAEC PHYSICS SYLLABUS 2027/2028 PDF**](https://examloaded.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/PHYSICS.pdf) Use the syllabus together with your Physics textbook, laboratory practicals, class notes and WAEC past questions. ## Aims of the WAEC Physics Syllabus The syllabus is designed to help candidates: - Understand basic principles and applications of Physics. - Develop scientific skills and attitudes required for further scientific work. - Understand the usefulness and limitations of scientific methods. - Develop abilities and skills that encourage efficient and safe practical work. - Develop scientific attitudes such as accuracy, precision, objectivity, integrity, initiative and inventiveness. ## WAEC Physics Assessment Objectives The examination tests three broad areas: - Knowledge and Understanding - Information Handling and Problem-solving - Experimental and Problem-solving Techniques ## Knowledge and Understanding You should be able to demonstrate knowledge of: - Scientific Phenomena - Facts - Laws - Definitions - Concepts - Theories - Scientific Vocabulary - Symbols - Quantities - Units - Scientific Apparatus - Safety Procedures - Scientific and Technological Applications You should also understand the social, economic and environmental implications of Physics applications. ## Information Handling and Problem-solving You should be able to work with information presented in different forms, including: - Written Information - Numerical Data - Graphs - Diagrams - Symbols - Tables - Visual Information You may be required to: - Locate Information - Select Information - Organize Data - Analyse Results - Identify Patterns - Draw Conclusions - Explain Observations - Make Predictions ## Experimental and Problem-solving Techniques Physics practical work is an important part of the syllabus. You should be able to: - Follow Instructions - Use Apparatus Correctly - Make Measurements - Record Observations - Use Correct Units - Interpret Experimental Data - Plan Investigations - Select Appropriate Apparatus - Evaluate Experimental Methods - Suggest Improvements - State Precautions ## WAEC Physics Examination Structure There are **three papers — Papers 1, 2 and 3**. All three papers must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 form a composite paper and are taken at one sitting. ## WAEC Physics Paper 1 Paper 1 contains **50 multiple-choice questions**. You are required to answer all the questions within **1 hour 15 minutes**. The paper carries **50 marks**. ## WAEC Physics Paper 2 Paper 2 lasts **1 hour 30 minutes** and carries **60 marks**. It is divided into: - Section A - Section B ### Section A Section A contains **seven short-structured questions**. You answer **any five**. The section carries **15 marks**. ### Section B Section B contains **five essay questions**. You answer **any three**. The section carries **45 marks**. ## WAEC Physics Paper 3 Paper 3 is: - A Practical Test for School Candidates - An Alternative-to-Practical Paper for Private Candidates Each version contains **three questions**, and candidates answer **any two**. The paper lasts **2 hours 45 minutes** and carries **50 marks**. ## Important Note on Physics Practical Work The syllabus specifically states that candidates should be involved in practical activities while covering the topics. You should therefore not prepare Physics by reading theory alone. Practise: - Measurements - Graphs - Apparatus - Experiments - Calculations - Precautions - Interpretation of Results ## Part I Interaction of Matter, Space and Time The first major section covers: - Matter - Physical Quantities - Units - Position - Distance - Displacement - Mass - Weight - Time - Fluids - Motion - Speed - Velocity - Acceleration - Scalars - Vectors - Equilibrium - Simple Harmonic Motion - Newton’s Laws ## Concepts of Matter You should understand the basic structure of matter. The syllabus includes the three physical states: - Solid - Liquid - Gas ## Particle Nature of Matter Study evidence supporting the particle nature of matter. The syllabus specifically mentions: - Brownian Motion - Kinetic Theory of Matter ## Kinetic Theory of Matter Use the kinetic theory to understand: - Solids - Liquids - Gases - Gas Pressure - Evaporation - Boiling - Cohesion - Adhesion - Capillarity ## Crystalline and Amorphous Substances Study the differences between: - Crystalline Substances - Amorphous Substances The syllabus also includes basic arrangements of atoms in crystalline structures. ## Fundamental Quantities and Units The fundamental quantities listed include: - Length - Mass - Time - Electric Current - Luminous Intensity - Thermodynamic Temperature - Amount of Substance Their SI units include: - metre - kilogram - second - ampere - candela - kelvin - mole ## Derived Quantities and Units Examples include: - Volume - Density - Speed You should be able to distinguish fundamental quantities from derived quantities. ## Position Understand position as the location of an object or point in space. The syllabus refers to the use of: - X-axis - Y-axis - Z-axis ## Distance and Displacement Study: - Meaning of Distance - Meaning of Displacement - Differences Between Them ## Measurement of Distance The syllabus includes the use of: - String - Metre Rule - Vernier Calipers - Micrometer Screw Gauge Know how to use these instruments and understand their degree of accuracy. ## Direction and Bearing Prepare: - Direction - Bearing - Compass - Protractor - Graphical Location ## Mass and Weight Understand the difference between: - Mass - Weight The syllabus includes: - Lever Balance - Beam Balance - Electronic/Digital Balance - Spring Balance ## Units of Mass and Weight Mass is measured in: **kilogram (kg)** Weight is measured in: **newton (N)** ## Time Study: - Concept of Time - Measurement of Time Examples of timing devices in the syllabus include: - Heartbeat - Sand Clock - Ticker Timer - Pendulum - Stopwatch - Clock ## Fluids at Rest This topic covers: - Volume - Density - Relative Density - Pressure in Fluids - Equilibrium of Bodies - Archimedes’ Principle - Law of Flotation ## Density and Relative Density You should be able to determine density and relative density experimentally for: - Solids - Liquids ## Pressure in Fluids Study: - Meaning of Pressure - Pascal’s Principle - Pressure With Depth - Atmospheric Pressure ## Applications of Pascal’s Principle Examples given include: - Hydraulic Press - Car Brakes ## Atmospheric Pressure The syllabus includes apparatus such as: - Barometer - Manometer - Siphon - Syringe - Pump ## Archimedes’ Principle Study: - Meaning - Conditions - Applications - Experimental Determination of Relative Density ## Law of Flotation Understand the conditions required for a body to float. Applications include: - Hydrometers - Balloons - Boats - Ships - Submarines ## Motion The syllabus lists several types of motion: - Random - Rectilinear - Translational - Rotational - Circular - Orbital - Spin - Oscillatory ## Relative Motion Understand how the motion of one body may be described relative to another. ## Force as a Cause of Motion Study the relationship between force and motion. ## Types of Force The syllabus divides forces into: ### Contact Forces Forces requiring physical contact. ### Non-contact or Field Forces Examples include: - Electric Force - Magnetic Force - Gravitational Force ## Friction Study: - Static Friction - Dynamic Friction - Limiting Friction - Coefficient of Friction - Advantages of Friction - Disadvantages of Friction - Methods of Reducing Friction ## Advantages of Friction Examples include: - Locomotion - Friction Belts - Grindstones ## Disadvantages of Friction These include: - Reduced Efficiency - Wear and Tear ## Reducing Friction Methods listed include: - Ball Bearings - Rollers - Streamlining - Lubrication ## Viscosity Study viscosity as friction in fluids. The syllabus includes: - Definition - Effects - Lubrication - Terminal Velocity ## Circular Motion Understand basic ideas of circular motion. The syllabus expects candidates to distinguish between: - Angular Speed - Angular Velocity and understand centripetal force qualitatively. ## Banking of Roads Study how banking helps reduce sideways friction when vehicles move around bends. ## Speed and Velocity Understand: - Speed - Velocity - Uniform Speed - Non-uniform Speed - Uniform Velocity - Non-uniform Velocity ## Distance-Time and Displacement-Time Graphs You should be able to interpret these graphs and obtain relevant information. ## Acceleration Study: - Acceleration - Deceleration - Uniform Acceleration - Non-uniform Acceleration ## Velocity-Time Graph You should be able to use a velocity-time graph to determine: - Acceleration - Displacement ## Equations of Motion Study the equations of motion for constant acceleration and apply them to numerical problems. Motion under gravity is treated as a special case. ## Scalars and Vectors ### Scalars Physical quantities having magnitude but no direction. Examples in the syllabus include: - Mass - Distance - Speed - Time ### Vectors Physical quantities having both magnitude and direction. Examples include: - Weight - Displacement - Velocity - Acceleration ## Vector Representation Study: - Representation of Vectors - Addition of Vectors - Resolution of Vectors - Resultant Velocity ## Equilibrium of Forces This section covers: - Principle of Moments - Conditions for Equilibrium - Parallel Forces - Non-parallel Forces - Centre of Gravity - Stability ## Principle of Moments Understand: - Moment of a Force - Torque - Couples Examples mentioned include: - Turning a Water Tap - Corkscrew - Steering Wheel ## Parallelogram and Triangle of Forces Study: - Parallelogram of Forces - Triangle of Forces - Resultant - Equilibrant ## Centre of Gravity and Stability Prepare: - Stable Equilibrium - Unstable Equilibrium - Neutral Equilibrium ## Simple Harmonic Motion Study: - Meaning - Examples - Speed - Acceleration - Period - Frequency - Amplitude - Energy - Forced Vibration - Resonance ## Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion The syllabus mentions: - Loaded Test Tube Oscillating in Liquid - Simple Pendulum - Spiral Spring - Bifilar Suspension ## Acceleration Due to Gravity The syllabus includes experimental determination of **g** using: - Simple Pendulum - Helical Spring ## Newton’s Laws of Motion Prepare all three laws. ## Newton’s First Law Study: - Inertia of Rest - Inertia of Motion ## Newton’s Second Law Prepare: - Force - Acceleration - Momentum - Impulse ## Conservation of Momentum Study linear momentum and its conservation. Applications include: - Recoil of a Gun - Jet Propulsion - Rocket Propulsion ## Newton’s Third Law Understand: **Action and Reaction** and be able to identify examples. ## Part II Energy Mechanical and Heat This section covers: - Energy - Work - Power - Machines - Temperature - Thermal Expansion - Heat Transfer - Gas Laws - Heat Capacity - Specific Heat Capacity - Latent Heat - Evaporation - Vapour Pressure - Humidity ## Forms of Energy Examples include: - Mechanical Energy - Heat Energy - Chemical Energy - Electrical Energy - Light Energy - Sound Energy - Nuclear Energy ## World Energy Resources Study the distinction between: - Renewable Energy Resources - Non-renewable Energy Resources and the examples given in your syllabus. ## Conservation of Energy Know the principle of conservation of energy and its application to energy transformation. ## Work Understand work as a measure of energy transfer. The SI unit is: **joule (J)** ## Energy Understand energy as the capability to do work. ## Mechanical Energy The major types are: - Potential Energy - Kinetic Energy ## Potential Energy Study gravitational potential energy and its application. ## Kinetic Energy Understand the energy possessed by a moving body. ## Conservation of Mechanical Energy You should be able to explain and verify the conservation of mechanical energy. ## Power Power is the rate of doing work. The SI unit is: **watt (W)** ## Simple Machines The syllabus includes: - Levers - Pulleys - Inclined Plane - Wedge - Screw - Wheel and Axle - Gears ## Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency Study: - Force Ratio - Mechanical Advantage - Velocity Ratio - Efficiency ## Friction in Machines Understand how friction affects the efficiency of machines and how it can be reduced. ## Heat Energy Heat topics include: - Temperature - Measurement of Temperature - Effects of Heat - Thermal Expansion - Heat Transfer - Gas Laws - Heat Capacity - Latent Heat - Evaporation - Vapour Pressure - Humidity ## Temperature Understand temperature as the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. ## Thermometers The syllabus includes: - Constant-volume Gas Thermometer - Resistance Thermometer - Thermocouple - Liquid-in-glass Thermometer - Maximum and Minimum Thermometer - Clinical Thermometer It also mentions the pyrometer. ## Temperature Scales Study: - Celsius Scale - Absolute or Kelvin Scale ## Effects of Heat on Matter The syllabus includes: - Rise in Temperature - Change of State - Expansion - Change of Resistance - Change of Colour - Thermionic Emission - Change in Chemical Properties ## Thermal Expansion Prepare: - Linear Expansion - Area Expansion - Volume Expansion ## Applications of Thermal Expansion Examples include: - Buildings - Bridges - Bimetallic Strips - Thermostats - Overhead Cables - Railway Lines ## Expansion of Liquids Study: - Real Expansion - Apparent Expansion - Anomalous Expansion of Water ## Heat Transfer The three major modes are: - Conduction - Convection - Radiation ## Applications of Heat Transfer The syllabus includes: - Land Breeze - Sea Breeze - Ventilation - Cooling Devices - Vacuum Flask ## Gas Laws Study: - Boyle’s Law - Charles’ Law - Pressure Law - General Gas Law You should understand their experimental verification and application. ## Heat Capacity Study the concept of heat capacity. ## Specific Heat Capacity Prepare: - Meaning - Determination - Units - Applications The syllabus includes experimental determination for solids and liquids. ## Latent Heat Study: - Meaning of Latent Heat - Melting Point - Boiling Point - Specific Latent Heat of Fusion - Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization ## Factors Affecting Melting and Boiling Points Study the effects of: - Impurities - Pressure ## Applications of Latent Heat Examples include: - Pressure Cookers - Refrigerators - Air Conditioners ## Evaporation and Boiling Study the effects of: - Temperature - Humidity - Surface Area - Draught on evaporation. ## Vapour and Vapour Pressure Prepare: - Vapour - Vapour Pressure - Saturated Vapour Pressure - Relationship With Boiling ## Humidity Study: - Humidity - Relative Humidity - Dew Point - Wet and Dry Bulb Hygrometer ## Humidity and Weather The syllabus includes the formation of: - Dew - Fog - Rain ## Part III Waves The Waves section covers: - Production and Propagation of Waves - Types of Waves - Properties of Waves - Light - Electromagnetic Waves - Sound ## Production and Propagation of Waves Study mechanical wave production using examples such as: - Ropes - Springs - Ripple Tank ## Important Wave Quantities Prepare: - Amplitude - Wavelength - Frequency - Period - Wave Speed The relationship: **v = fλ** is included in the syllabus. ## Types of Waves Study: - Transverse Waves - Longitudinal Waves ## Mathematical Representation of Wave Motion The syllabus introduces mathematical representation of wave motion but states that questions on phase difference will not be set. ## Properties of Waves Study: - Reflection - Refraction - Diffraction - Interference - Superposition - Standing or Stationary Waves ## Ripple Tank The ripple tank is particularly important for demonstrating wave behaviour. ## Light Waves Study: - Sources of Light - Rectilinear Propagation - Reflection - Refraction - Mirrors - Lenses - Optical Instruments - Dispersion ## Sources of Light Distinguish: - Natural Sources - Artificial Sources - Luminous Bodies - Non-luminous Bodies ## Rectilinear Propagation of Light Study: - Shadows - Eclipses - Pinhole Camera ## Reflection at Plane Surfaces Prepare: - Laws of Reflection - Regular Reflection - Irregular Reflection - Formation of Images - Plane Mirrors ## Applications of Plane Mirrors Examples include: - Periscope - Sextant - Kaleidoscope ## Curved Mirrors Study: - Concave Mirrors - Convex Mirrors - Image Formation - Focal Length - Magnification Applications include: - Searchlights - Driving Mirrors - Car Headlamps ## Refraction Study the laws of refraction and applications involving: - Rectangular Glass Block - Triangular Prism ## Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection Prepare: - Critical Angle - Total Internal Reflection - Lateral Displacement - Angle of Deviation ## Applications of Total Internal Reflection Examples include: - Periscope - Prism Binoculars - Optical Fibres - Mirage ## Lenses Study: - Converging Lenses - Diverging Lenses - Image Formation - Focal Length - Magnification - Power of a Lens ## Optical Instruments The syllabus includes: - Simple Camera - Human Eye - Film Projector - Simple Microscope - Compound Microscope - Terrestrial Telescope - Astronomical Telescope - Prism Binoculars ## Human Eye Study: - Structure - Function - Defects - Correction of Defects The syllabus also expects comparison between the eye and a camera. ## Dispersion of White Light Study: - Production of Spectrum - Recombination of Spectrum - Colours of Objects - Mixing of Coloured Lights ## Electromagnetic Waves Study the electromagnetic spectrum. The syllabus lists: - Radio Waves - Infrared - Visible Light - Ultraviolet - X-rays - Gamma Rays Understand their basic characteristics and uses. ## Sound Waves Study: - Sources of Sound - Transmission - Speed - Echo - Reverberation - Noise - Music - Pitch - Loudness - Quality - Vibrating Strings - Resonance - Pipes ## Transmission of Sound Understand why sound requires a material medium. ## Speed of Sound Study sound transmission through: - Solids - Liquids - Air ## Echoes Applications include: - Mineral Exploration - Determination of Ocean Depth ## Reverberation Understand multiple reflection of sound in large spaces. ## Characteristics of Sound Prepare: - Pitch - Loudness - Quality ## Vibration in Strings Study the relationship between frequency and: - Length - Tension - Mass Per Unit Length Applications include: - Guitar - Piano - Harp - Violin ## Forced Vibration and Resonance Understand: - Forced Vibration - Resonance - Harmonics - Overtones ## Vibration of Air in Pipes Study: - Open Pipes - Closed Pipes - Resonance Tube Applications include: - Organ - Flute - Trumpet - Horn - Clarinet - Saxophone ## Part IV Fields The Fields section covers: - Gravitational Field - Electric Field - Magnetic Field - Electromagnetic Field - Alternating Current ## Concept of a Field Study the meaning and properties of: - Gravitational Field - Electric Field - Magnetic Field ## Gravitational Field Prepare: - Acceleration Due to Gravity - Gravitational Field Intensity - Newton’s Law of Gravitation - Gravitational Potential - Escape Velocity ## Newton’s Law of Gravitation Understand gravitational attraction between masses. ## Escape Velocity Study the concept and simple calculations involving escape velocity. ## Electric Field The Electric Field section covers: - Electrostatics - Current Electricity ## Electrostatics Study: - Production of Electric Charge - Distribution of Charge - Storage of Charge - Electric Lines of Force - Coulomb’s Law - Electric Field - Electric Potential - Capacitance ## Production of Electric Charge The syllabus includes: - Friction - Induction - Contact ## Electroscope Understand the use of a simple electroscope to: - Detect Charge - Compare Charges ## Coulomb’s Law Study the electric force between point charges. ## Electric Field and Potential Prepare: - Electric Field - Electric Field Intensity - Electric Potential ## Capacitance Study: - Definition - Parallel-plate Capacitor - Capacitors in Series - Capacitors in Parallel - Energy Stored - Applications ## Current Electricity Study: - Cells - Potential Difference - Current - Electric Circuits - Conduction - Electrical Energy - Electrical Power - Resistivity - Conductivity - Electrical Measurements ## Primary and Secondary Cells Examples in the syllabus include: - Simple Cell - Daniell Cell - Leclanché Cell - Lead-acid Accumulator ## Electromotive Force Study: - E.m.f. - Potential Difference - Current - Resistance ## Ohm’s Law Understand and verify Ohm’s law experimentally. ## Series and Parallel Circuits Prepare combinations of: - Cells - Resistors ## Internal Resistance Study: - Lost Volts - Internal Resistance of a Cell ## Ohmic and Non-ohmic Conductors The syllabus identifies: - Metals as examples of ohmic conductors - Semiconductors as examples of non-ohmic conductors ## Electrical Energy and Power Study: - Heating Effect of Current - Electrical Energy - Electrical Power - Electric Motors - Solar Cells - Solar Heaters ## Shunt and Multiplier Understand their use in converting a galvanometer into: - Ammeter - Voltmeter ## Resistivity and Conductivity Study factors affecting electrical resistance. ## Electrical Measuring Instruments Prepare the principles and use of: - Ammeter - Voltmeter - Potentiometer - Wheatstone Bridge - Metre Bridge ## Magnetic Field Study: - Magnets - Magnetic Materials - Magnetization - Demagnetization - Magnetic Field - Magnetic Flux - Magnetic Flux Density - Force on a Current-carrying Conductor - Electromagnets - Earth’s Magnetic Field - Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields ## Magnetic Materials Examples include: - Soft Iron - Steel - Alloys Understand: - Temporary Magnets - Permanent Magnets ## Magnetic Field Patterns Study magnetic fields around: - Permanent Magnets - Current-carrying Conductors - Solenoids ## Electromagnets Applications include: - Electric Bell - Telephone Earpiece ## Earth’s Magnetic Field Study: - Mariner’s Compass - Angle of Dip - Angle of Declination ## Force on Current-carrying Conductors Understand applications including: - Electric Motor - Moving-coil Galvanometer ## Fleming’s Left-hand Rule Use it to determine the directions of: - Current - Magnetic Field - Force ## Electromagnetic Induction Study: - Faraday’s Law - Lenz’s Law - Motor-generator Effect ## Applications of Electromagnetic Induction Examples include: - DC Generator - AC Generator - Induction Coil - Transformer ## Inductance Study: - Self-inductance - Mutual Inductance ## Eddy Currents Prepare: - Meaning - Reduction of Eddy Current Losses - Applications Examples include: - Induction Furnace - Speedometer ## Power Transmission and Distribution Study: - High-tension Transmission - Reduction of Power Loss - Household Wiring ## Alternating Current Study: - Graphical Representation of AC - Peak Values - RMS Values - Resistance - Inductance - Capacitance - Reactance - Impedance - Vector Diagrams - Resonance - Power ## AC Circuit Elements Understand the phase relationship between voltage and current in: - Resistor - Inductor - Capacitor ## Resonance in AC Circuits Applications include tuning circuits in: - Radio - Television ## Part V Atomic and Nuclear Physics This section covers: - Atomic Structure - Energy Quantization - Photoelectric Effect - Thermionic Emission - X-rays - Nuclear Structure - Radioactivity - Nuclear Reactions - Wave-particle Duality ## Models of the Atom The syllabus includes: - Thomson Model - Rutherford Model - Bohr Model - Electron-cloud or Wave-mechanical Model You should understand the basic ideas and limitations of each model. ## Energy Quantization Study: - Energy Levels - Atomic Spectra - Emission Spectra - Absorption Spectra The syllabus also mentions the Franck-Hertz experiment. ## Photoelectric Effect Prepare: - Photoelectric Effect - Dual Nature of Light - Work Function - Threshold Frequency - Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation - Applications ## Thermionic Emission Study the explanation and applications of thermionic emission. ## X-rays Prepare: - Production - X-ray Tube - Types - Characteristics - Properties - Uses - Hazards - Safety Precautions ## Structure of the Nucleus Study: - Protons - Neutrons - Nucleon Number - Proton Number - Neutron Number - Nuclides - Isotopes ## Radioactivity Study: - Natural Radioactivity - Artificial Radioactivity - Radioactive Emissions - Detection of Radiation - Radioactive Decay - Half-life - Decay Constant ## Applications of Radioactivity Applications include: - Agriculture - Medicine - Industry - Archaeology ## Nuclear Reactions Study: - Nuclear Fusion - Nuclear Fission - Binding Energy - Mass Defect - Nuclear Reactors - Radiation Hazards - Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy ## Wave-particle Paradox Study: - Electron Diffraction - Duality of Matter - Dual Nature of Light ## Harmonised Topics for Short Structured Questions The syllabus contains a separate list of **harmonised topics for short-structured questions for all member countries**. These deserve special attention. They include: - Derived Quantities and Dimensional Analysis - Projectile Motion - Satellites and Rockets - Elastic Properties of Solids - Thermal Conductivity - Solar Energy Collector - Blackbody Radiation - Fibre Optics - LASER - Magnetic Materials - Electrical Conduction Through Materials - Structure of Matter - Wave-particle Paradox ## Derived Quantities and Dimensional Analysis Study: - Fundamental Quantities - Derived Quantities - Dimensions - Dimensional Correctness - Derivation of Relationships - Derivation of Units ## Projectile Motion Study a projectile as an object projected into space. Applications mentioned include: - Warfare - Sports The syllabus indicates that simple problems may involve: - Range - Maximum Height - Time of Flight ## Satellites and Rockets Prepare: - Meaning of Satellite - Natural Satellites - Artificial Satellites - Parking Orbits - Geostationary Satellites - Period of Revolution - Speed - Uses of Satellites - Uses of Rockets ## Elastic Properties of Solids Study: - Elastic Behaviour - Load-extension Graph - Hooke’s Law - Young’s Modulus - Work Done in Springs and Strings ## Thermal Conductivity The harmonised topics include: - Thermal Conductivity - Solar Energy Collector - Blackbody Radiation ## Solar Energy Collector Study the use of solar energy for heat-energy supply. ## Blackbody Radiation Understand: - Meaning of Blackbody - Variation of Radiation Intensity With Wavelength - Effect of Temperature ## Fibre Optics Study: - Meaning - Principle of Transmission - Total Internal Reflection - Applications Applications listed include: - Local Area Networks - Medicine - Sensing Devices - Carrying Laser Beams ## LASER Study: - Meaning of LASER - Types of LASER - Applications - Dangers The syllabus lists types including: - Solid-state - Gas - Liquid - Semiconductor ## Applications of LASER Examples include: - Scientific Research - Communication - Medicine - Military Technology - Holograms ## Magnetic Materials Study the uses of: - Magnets - Ferromagnetic Materials ## Electrical Conduction Through Materials This section introduces basic electronics. Study the distinction among: - Conductors - Semiconductors - Insulators using band theory. ## Semiconductor Materials The syllabus mentions: - Silicon - Germanium ## Intrinsic Semiconductors Understand the meaning and charge carriers in intrinsic semiconductors. ## Extrinsic Semiconductors Study: - Doping - P-type Semiconductor - N-type Semiconductor ## Junction Diode Prepare: - Forward Bias - Reverse Bias - Voltage Characteristics - Uses ## Rectification Study: - Half-wave Rectification - Full-wave Rectification ## Structure of Matter The harmonised section also includes the use of kinetic theory to explain **diffusion**. ## Wave-particle Duality Prepare: - Electron Diffraction - Duality of Matter - Dual Nature of Light ## Recommended Order for Studying WAEC Physics ### Stage 1 Measurement and Mechanics Begin with: - Matter - Quantities and Units - Measurement - Mass and Weight - Fluids - Motion - Speed - Velocity - Acceleration - Scalars and Vectors - Equilibrium - Newton’s Laws ### Stage 2 Energy and Heat Study: - Work - Energy - Power - Machines - Temperature - Expansion - Heat Transfer - Gas Laws - Specific Heat Capacity - Latent Heat - Humidity ### Stage 3 Waves Prepare: - Wave Motion - Wave Properties - Reflection - Refraction - Light - Mirrors - Lenses - Optical Instruments - Electromagnetic Spectrum - Sound ### Stage 4 Fields and Electricity Study: - Gravitational Field - Electrostatics - Current Electricity - Electrical Measurements - Magnetism - Electromagnetic Induction - AC Circuits ### Stage 5 Modern Physics Prepare: - Atomic Models - Energy Quantization - Photoelectric Effect - Thermionic Emission - X-rays - Nuclear Structure - Radioactivity - Fusion and Fission - Wave-particle Duality ### Stage 6 Harmonised Topics Finish with: - Dimensional Analysis - Projectile Motion - Satellites - Elasticity - Fibre Optics - LASER - Semiconductor Physics - Diodes - Rectification Continue practising practical experiments and calculations throughout all the stages. ## How to Use the WAEC Physics Syllabus ### Start With the Complete Syllabus Use the syllabus as your main checklist. **READ ALSO:** [WAEC Chemistry Syllabus 2027/2028 Questions PDF Download](/waec-chemistry-syllabus-questions/) ## Learn the Concept Before the Formula Do not begin every Physics topic by memorising equations. First understand: - What the quantity means - What causes the effect - What the variables represent - What the unit means Then learn how the equation is applied. ## Practise Calculations Physics contains many numerical problems. Regularly practise topics such as: - Motion - Density - Moments - Energy - Machines - Heat - Waves - Mirrors and Lenses - Electricity - Gravitation - AC Circuits - Atomic Physics ## Learn SI Units The syllabus specifically states that examination questions will be set in **SI units**, although multiples and submultiples may also be used. Always include correct units in your answers. ## Practise Graphs You should be comfortable plotting and interpreting graphs such as: - Distance-Time Graph - Displacement-Time Graph - Velocity-Time Graph - Load-Extension Graph - Experimental Graphs ## Practise Physics Experiments For each experiment, learn: **Aim → Apparatus → Procedure → Observation → Graph → Calculation → Precautions** ## Learn Measuring Instruments Practise using: - Metre Rule - Vernier Calipers - Micrometer Screw Gauge - Stopwatch - Spring Balance - Ammeter - Voltmeter - Potentiometer - Thermometer ## Pay Attention to Experimental Precautions The syllabus specifically tests your ability to state precautions needed to obtain accurate experimental results. Do not memorise one general precaution for every experiment. Learn precautions appropriate to the actual apparatus and measurement. ## Answer WAEC Past Questions After completing each major topic, answer past questions on it. Practise: - Objective Questions - Short Structured Questions - Essay Questions - Calculations - Practical Questions ## What Should You Focus on Most for WAEC Physics? You should study the entire syllabus, but make sure you are particularly confident in: - Measurements - Units - Motion - Speed and Velocity - Acceleration - Vectors - Moments - Equilibrium - Newton’s Laws - Work - Energy - Power - Machines - Heat - Gas Laws - Waves - Light - Mirrors - Lenses - Sound - Gravitation - Electrostatics - Current Electricity - Ohm’s Law - Resistance - Magnetism - Electromagnetic Induction - AC Circuits - Atomic Structure - Radioactivity - Projectile Motion - Satellites - Dimensional Analysis - Fibre Optics - LASER - Semiconductors - Diodes - Physics Practical For a more focused revision guide, use the [WAEC Physics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028](/waec-physics-areas-of-concentration/). ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What Is the WAEC Physics Syllabus 2027/2028? It is the guide showing the Physics topics, concepts and practical skills candidates need to prepare for WASSCE. ### How Many Papers Are in WAEC Physics? There are **three papers — Papers 1, 2 and 3**. ### How Many Questions Are in WAEC Physics Paper 1? Paper 1 contains **50 multiple-choice questions**. ### How Long Is Physics Paper 1? Paper 1 lasts **1 hour 15 minutes** and carries **50 marks**. ### How Long Is Physics Paper 2? Paper 2 lasts **1 hour 30 minutes** and carries **60 marks**. ### How Is Physics Paper 2 Divided? It contains: - Section A — Short Structured Questions - Section B — Essay Questions ### How Many Questions Do I Answer in Physics Paper 2 Section A? There are seven questions, and you answer **any five**. ### How Many Questions Do I Answer in Section B? There are five essay questions, and you answer **any three**. ### Is There a Physics Practical Paper? Yes. Paper 3 is a practical examination for school candidates and an alternative-to-practical paper for private candidates. ### How Long Is WAEC Physics Practical? Paper 3 lasts **2 hours 45 minutes** and carries **50 marks**. ### How Many Physics Practical Questions Do I Answer? The paper contains three questions, and you answer **any two**. ### Is Measurement Included? Yes. The syllabus includes instruments such as: - Metre Rule - Vernier Calipers - Micrometer Screw Gauge ### Is Motion Included? Yes. Study speed, velocity, acceleration, equations of motion and graphs. ### Are Scalars and Vectors Included? Yes. You should understand vector representation, addition and resolution. ### Is Simple Harmonic Motion Included? Yes. The syllabus includes period, frequency, amplitude, energy, forced vibration and resonance. ### Are Newton’s Laws Included? Yes. All three Newton’s laws of motion are included. ### Is Heat Included? Yes. Study temperature, expansion, heat transfer, gas laws, specific heat capacity, latent heat, evaporation and humidity. ### Are Waves Included? Yes. Prepare wave production, propagation, properties, light and sound. ### Are Mirrors and Lenses Included? Yes. Study plane mirrors, curved mirrors, converging lenses, diverging lenses and optical instruments. ### Is the Electromagnetic Spectrum Included? Yes. The syllabus includes radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. ### Is Sound Included? Yes. Study transmission, speed, echoes, resonance, strings and air columns. ### Is Electricity Included? Yes. The syllabus includes electrostatics, current electricity, cells, resistance, electrical energy and electrical measurements. ### Is Magnetism Included? Yes. Study magnetic materials, magnetic fields, electromagnets and forces involving currents and charges. ### Is Electromagnetic Induction Included? Yes. Prepare Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, generators and transformers. ### Is Alternating Current Included? Yes. Study AC graphs, RMS values, reactance, impedance, resonance and power. ### Is Atomic Physics Included? Yes. Study atomic models, energy quantization, photoelectric effect, thermionic emission and X-rays. ### Is Radioactivity Included? Yes. Prepare radioactive emissions, detection, decay, half-life and applications. ### Are Nuclear Fusion and Fission Included? Yes. Both are included under nuclear reactions. ### Is Projectile Motion Included? Yes. Projectile motion appears in the harmonised short-structured topics. ### Are Satellites and Rockets Included? Yes. Study natural and artificial satellites, geostationary satellites and uses of rockets. ### Is Dimensional Analysis Included? Yes. The harmonised topics include dimensions, dimensional correctness and deriving relationships between physical quantities. ### Is Fibre Optics Included? Yes. Study the principle of light transmission through optical fibres and their applications. ### Is LASER Included? Yes. The syllabus includes meaning, types, applications and dangers of LASER. ### Are Semiconductors Included? Yes. Study: - Conductors - Semiconductors - Insulators - Silicon - Germanium - Intrinsic Semiconductors - P-type Semiconductors - N-type Semiconductors - Junction Diodes ### Is Rectification Included? Yes. The syllabus includes: - Half-wave Rectification - Full-wave Rectification ### Where Can I Download the Complete WAEC Physics Syllabus? Use the download section near the beginning of this article to save the complete PDF. ### Where Can I Find the WAEC Physics Areas of Concentration? Use the [WAEC Physics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028](/waec-physics-areas-of-concentration/) page. ### Where Can I Find Syllabuses for Other WAEC Subjects? Use the [WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects](/waec-syllabus-for-all-subjects-pdf-download/) page. ## Conclusion The **[WAEC](https://www.waecnigeria.org/) Physics Syllabus 2027/2028** covers the major areas of classical and modern Physics together with practical laboratory work. Start with measurement, matter and mechanics. Make sure you understand motion, vectors, equilibrium, simple harmonic motion and Newton’s laws. You should then prepare energy, machines, temperature, thermal expansion, gas laws, specific heat capacity and latent heat. For Waves, concentrate on wave properties, light, mirrors, lenses, optical instruments, the electromagnetic spectrum and sound. The Fields section covers gravitation, electrostatics, current electricity, magnetism, electromagnetic induction and alternating current. Modern Physics includes atomic models, energy quantization, the photoelectric effect, X-rays, nuclear structure, radioactivity, nuclear reactions and wave-particle duality. Do not neglect the harmonised short-structured topics such as dimensional analysis, projectile motion, satellites and rockets, elastic properties, fibre optics, LASER and semiconductor electronics. Most importantly, combine theory with calculations and experiments. Physics practical work is an essential part of the syllabus, and you should be comfortable using apparatus, plotting graphs, interpreting results and stating appropriate experimental precautions. **READ ALSO:** [WAEC Physics Areas of Concentration 2027/2028](/waec-physics-areas-of-concentration/) **READ ALSO:** [WAEC Syllabus 2027/2028 PDF Download for All Subjects](/waec-syllabus-for-all-subjects-pdf-download/) **READ ALSO:** [WAEC Areas of Concentration 2027/2028 for All Subjects](/waec-areas-of-concentration-for-all-subjects/) **READ ALSO:** [WAEC Timetable 2027](/waec-timetable-for-science-art-and-commercial/)